= 161. 2*362 (075. 8) К211 ббк [81. 2-2 Англ + 81. 2-2 Укр] я 73


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knizhka Karamisheva

He was asleep. Bin спав.
He is unaware of that. Bin не знае про це.
The question of singling out the category of state as a separate part of speech has not been finally solved yet by Ukrainian grammarians. For example, B.M. Kulyk treats positively the issue concerning singling out of the category of state in Ukrainian and includes into this class such a group of words:


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  1. words expressing the mental and physical states of a person or of any living creature all together, e.g.: боязко, приемно, досадно, страшно, тривожно, чутно, жаль, охота, шкода and others;

  2. words denoting the nature state: темно, зелено, барвисто;




  1. words expressing the state of the surrounding or its evaluation: гарно, пусто, тихо, рано, тзно;

  2. words expressing the state with some moral connotation: треба, cnid, необх1дно, доцшъно, можна, не можна and others.

According to B.M. Kulyk, the category of state in Ukrainian is all the time renewed, especially with the help of adverbs ending in -o, -e.
The abovementioned groups of words, referred by B.M.Kulyk to the category of state, differ from the English words of the category of state by such features:

  1. they are used mainly in impersonal sentences, whereas English words of the category of state are used in personal sentences;

  2. they do not explain any words in the sentence, whereas English words of the category of state can be used in the role of the postpositive attribute and the objective predicative member;

  3. Ukrainian words of the category of state in -o, -e can have the forms of comparison degrees {весело - веселше, легко -легше). English words of the category of state are all together unchangeable [5; 105-106].

There is another hypothesis about the Ukrainian "statives" which is also worth considering. It is presented in the textbook "Modern Ukrainian Language", edited by a Ukrainian linguist O.D. Ponomariv. According to this point of view, in Ukrainian there is a separate group of words called "words of the category of state" (слова категорй стану). These are unchangeable words of the adverbial or substantival origin which render the state and perform the function of the main member of the sentence in impersonal sentences. They are rather few in number.
According to their meaning Ukrainian words of the category of state can be subdivided into the following groups:
a) words expressing the physical and the psychic state of a person: важко, легко, боляче, страх, досадно, шкода, боязко;
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  1. words denoting the state of nature: тихо, темно, видно, холодно, тепло, вгтряно;

  2. words expressing different modal meanings of possibility, impossibility, necessity: можна, сл1д, потргбно, треба, необхгдно.

The majority of Ukrainian linguists do not consider this class of words to be a separate part of speech and refer them to adverbs [15; 199-200].

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