1. Philology as a science The specifics of the philological analysis of the text

LESSON 1. PHILOLOGY AS A SCIENCE. THE CONCEPT OF PHILOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TEXT
Plan:
1. Philology as a science
2. The specifics of the philological analysis of the text
3. Algorithm for philological analysis of artistic text

Key terms: philology, textual activity, literary text, purpose, objectives, stylistic analysis, literary analysis, philological analysis, specifics, student's reading experience, scheme.
Philology as a science
“Philology (Greek philologia, lit. — love the word, from phileo — I love and logos — the word), the totality, community of humanitarian disciplines - linguistic, literary, etc., - studying the history and essence of the spiritual culture of mankind through linguistic and stylistic analysis written texts. In this judgment, attention is drawn to itself, firstly, an indication of a complex, integrative nature philology; secondly, its inseparable connection with the spiritual culture of society; third, the promotion of the text as the main object of philological research; fourthly, the importance of linguistic and stylistic analysis of the text in comprehending the essence of the spiritual culture of mankind, manifested in the text.
The new course is significant both theoretically and practically. The first is related to the need to solve important debatable issues of text theory that are significant for effective speech communication: what is a text, what are its features and categories, what types of texts are distinguished, what is the structure of the text and the main directions of its analysis, how does the linguistic analysis of a text differ from literary analysis, what such a philological analysis of the text and what is its role in the understanding of texts.
Linguistic phenomena in works of art always appear before readers differently than in simple colloquial speech. That is why, in the process of studying fiction, the philological analysis of the text acquires such great importance.
The importance of analyzing a literary text for understanding its ideological and artistic features is paramount. Indeed, in order to study the ideological content of a work, its artistic features that distinguish it from other works, in order to correctly perceive a work of art as a figurative whole, educating feelings and developing thinking, this work must be correctly understood.
In the applied aspect, it is necessary to form the most important skills and abilities associated with the implementation of successful textual activity:
1) the ability to create texts of different styles and genres, taking into account specific extralinguistic factors (communication sphere, situation, addressee, goals and objectives of communication, etc.);
2) the ability to adequately perceive the text, assimilating not only its superficial, but also its deep meaning.
Without successful mastering of textual activity, effective communication of the individual as a whole is impossible. The degree of proficiency in textual activity (the ability to generate texts and understand them) is one of the main indicators of a person's general culture.
Linguistic phenomena in works of art always appear before readers differently than in simple colloquial speech. That is why, in the process of studying fiction, the philological analysis of the text acquires such great importance.
The importance of analyzing a literary text for understanding its ideological and artistic features is paramount. Indeed, in order to study the ideological content of a work, its artistic features that distinguish it from other works, in order to correctly perceive a work of art as a figurative whole, educating feelings and developing thinking, this work must be correctly understood.
The purpose of the philological analysis is to show through the mutual conditionality of the form and content of the text and their correspondence to the author's intention, the cultural status of the text.
The main objectives of the subject are:
1) study of the features and main categories of a literary text as a special aesthetic reality;
2) consideration of the principles of constructing an integral text;
3) identifying ways to express the author's position in the text;
4) acquaintance with various approaches to the philological analysis of a literary text, with different methods of its interpretation;
5) determination of the analysis method;
6) consideration of intertextual interaction and identification of its role in the organization of a literary text;
7) the formation of students' skills and abilities to analyze a literary text and its individual categories.