1. Philology as a science The specifics of the philological analysis of the text

Literary analysis is important to understand the texts related to literary literature as cultural phenomena, in which the text is considered as a work of art in the socio-historical and literary context of the era, as a reflection of the characteristics of a particular literary school and direction, creative method, the individual style of the author, etc.
The philological analysis of a literary text, in contrast to other types of analysis - linguistic, literary, stylistic and others - creates conditions for a more complete comprehension of the artistic value of a literary work. It proposes an examination of a literary work "from the inside", a search for special laws of the figurative-speech organization inherent only in this text, turning it into its own role as a unique "personality", the symbol of which is the name of the work and the name of its creator. Philological analysis of the text allows us to ensure the unity of the rational and emotional approaches, to preserve at every stage the idea of ​​the literary text as a single whole.
Studying a work of fiction, with the help of philological analysis, you can check the student's reading experience such as:
- explain the name (if any);
- understanding the composition;
- to understand what the artistic world of a given work is (is there a plot in it; what is the main thing: the events or experiences of the protagonist);
- how space and time are represented in the work;
- to understand the peculiarities of word usage, syntax, and sound.
The analysis of a work of art should show how deeply the student understands the theme and idea of ​​the work, the feelings and images contained in it, and the means by which they are created.
Taking into account the selected aspects of the analysis allows you to develop an approximate scheme (model). This is a scheme for a comprehensive philological analysis, primarily of a prose text, which, in our opinion, should include the following main stages:
1) determination of the genre of the work;
2) a characteristic of the architectonics of the text and the selection of end-to-end repetitions in its structure;
3) consideration of the structure of the narrative;
4) analysis of the space-time organization of the work;
5) consideration of the system of images of the text;
6) identifying the elements of the intertext that determine the relationship of the work in question with other works of English and world literature;
7) a generalizing characteristic of the ideological and aesthetic content of the text.