1 Task. Define a problem in theory of phonetics (it might referred to any theme you have learnt), make inferences, explain how this problem should be solved

1 Task.

Define a problem in theory of phonetics (it might referred to any theme you have learnt), make inferences, explain how this problem should be solved.

As a discipline, phonetics is concerned with the human noises from which the concept is actualized or assigned audible form: the essence of these noises, their varieties, and their meaning-related purposes. The English phonetic system consists of the following four components: sounds of voice, word syllabic form, word stress and intonation. These four elements comprise what is known as English pronunciation.

Practical and theoretical are subdivided into phonetics. The content, the material type of phonetic phenomenon in relation to meaning, is studied in functional or normative phonetics. Theoretical phonetics is specifically concerned with the language functioning of phonetic units.

Phonetics itself is categorized into two major components: segmental phonetics, which deals with individual sounds (i.e. voice 'segments') and suprasegmental phonetics, the realm of which is the broader units of related speech: syllables, sentences, phrases and texts.

Four components (mechanisms) of all speech sounds are: articulatory, acoustic, sensory, functional. In conjunction with these things, we can consider the divisions of phonetics. There is a general awareness of four divisions of the subject:

1) Articulatory phonetics is the study of the way the vocal organs are used to produce speech sounds.

2) Acoustic phonetics is the study of the physical properties of speech sounds.

3) Auditory phonetics is the study of the way people perceive speech sounds.

4) The fourth branch – 'functional phonetics' – is concerned with the range and function of sounds in specific languages. It is typically referred to as phonology.

Besides the four branches of phonetics described above, there are other divisions of the science: general phonetics, special phonetics, historical (diachronic) phonetics, comparative phonetics. All the branches of phonetics are closely connected not only with one another but also with other branches of linguistics.

Phonetics is linked with many other sciences as well. Physics and mathematics are concerned with auditory phonetics. Physiology, anatomy, and anthropology are related to articulatory phonetics. Historical phonetics is related to the general experience of individuals whose language is It is being studied; it is associated with archaeology as well.

Communication (information) theory, mathematics and statistics are concerned with phonology. We see the expansion of very distinct Interdisciplinary topics such as sociolinguistics (sociophonetics), psycholinguistics, and mathematical linguistics. Modern research divisions such as technological acoustics, phychophonetics and other phonetic sciences have been born with close contact and cooperation between phonetics and other sciences that have contributed greatly to the formation of speech ology, the science of speech.

Phonetics is the Greek word for "sounds," and take means "doctrine." It is possible to check the sounds of speech, one of the linguistics we learn is called phonetics. Phonetics reduces a continuum of linguistics in which speech sounds, produced product, types, variation, stress, separation, tone, etc. are created.

General phonetics. Theoretical problems of speech sounds, the nature of the tone, the structure of the syllables, the relationship of language to the grammatical system of the phonetic side.

Private phonetics. Issues such as speech sounds of a particular language (for example, Uzbek), accent structure, tone are studied.

Historical (diachronic) phonetics. Studies the development and changes in the sound system.

Descriptive (synchronous) phonetics. Studies the structure of sounds of a certain language in a certain period (for example, Uzbek).

Experimental phonetics. Checks the articulation and acoustics of sounds in the language with the help of certain tools, etc.

Based on the development (articulatory), propagation (acoustic) and interpretation (additive) of sounds, phonetics is classified into three kinds. At the beginning, it is important to identify three types of sounds: phones (human sounds), phonemes (units that discern meaning in a language), allophones (non-distinctive units).

Phonetics can be classified into two categories: the study of the sounds that make up human language. Articulatory phonetics, the first type of phonetics, explores the speech organs and mechanisms by which humans create sounds; the emphasis is on the language speaker. Acoustic phonetics, the second method of phonetics, focuses on the sound created while a person speaks; the object of acoustic phonetics is to understand the acoustic properties of speech, and how that speech is perceived by the listener’s ears.

Articulatory Phonetics

The first method of phonetics, articulatory phonetics, explores the sounds at the root of their development in human language. It looks at how his words are shaped by a human. Different areas of the human body are used to express words, referred to as "organs of voice." The voice box, lungs, oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharyngeal cavity, tongue, jaws, glottis, lips and the inner surfaces of the mouth are the organs of speech. The airflow used to generate sound comes from the lungs and is passed through the mouth and or nose, using the glottis, tongue, and teeth to change the airflow to generate distinct sounds.

Place of Articulation and Voicing

Linguists look at the place of articulation of different sounds in articulatory phonetics; the place of articulation corresponds to where blocked air is removed, thereby producing distinct sounds. The teeth, for example, are a place of articulation; this is referred to as a "dental stop" when a person puts his tongue against his teeth to produce a certain consonant sound. Voicing is often referred to in Articulatory Phonetics; sounds that do not use vocal chords are voiceless, whereas sounds that use vocal chords are voiced. For example, when a person forms a "t," he does not use his vocal chords, then this is referred to as a "voiceless dental stop." But this is considered a "voiced dental stop" when he uses his vocal chords to make noise when forming a "d."

Acoustic Phonetics

Acoustic phonetics focuses on the sound properties of human speech, while articulatory phonetics focuses on the speech organs used to produce the sounds of human language. Acoustic phonetics also looks at the understanding of speech in music, exploring how listeners hear multiple sounds. A phonetician looks at the frequency that a sound creates in the study of acoustic phonetics, the sound amplitude range, and the length of the sound. These factors are used to describe the sound acoustically.

Phonetic Representation

The International Phonetic Alphabet is often used in linguistics to describe all the sounds in human language. To reflect every sound, and every variation of sound, that happens in languages around the globe, the IPA has a special written symbol. For linguists and language learners, the IPA is a valuable tool, since a linguist who knows the IPA can interpret the transcript of any language and repeat the words accurately, particularly though they are from a language he has never understood or heard before.