1 What is comparative typology and types of it?

5. Types of language comparison in Comparative Typology
Typological Classification of Languages
In linguistics we may come across many terms as to the terminological nature of linguistic typology. They are: 1. Comparative Method, 2. Comparative-historical Method, 3. Comparative (or Contrastive) Linguistics, 4. Comparative Typology, 5. Comparative Grammar, 6. Confrontational grammar, 7. Descriptive-Comparative Linguistics and so on. The terms used in Russian and Uzbek are not exact either. According to the notion of comparison of linguistics phenomenon and the aim directed on we may classify linguistic typology into the following parts. a) genetic or genealogical typology, b) structural typology, c) areal typology and d) comparative typology.

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1 Vowels in English language

1. 
   Vowels in English language In English, the vowels are a, e, i, o, and u, although y can sometimes count as a vowel, too. Vowels are contrasted with consonants, which represent sounds where air is obstructed, such as the closing of the lips for b, m, and p.
   2 Prefixes in English language prefixes in English language
   Prefixes are letters which we add to the beginning of a word to make a new word with a different meaning. Prefixes can, for example, create a new word opposite in meaning to the word the prefix is attached to. They can also make a word negative or express relations of time, place or manner. Here are some examples:impossible, unable
   3 Functional parts of speech
   

Functional part of speech
There are eight parts of speech in the English language: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. The part of speech indicates how the word functions in meaning as well as grammatically within the sentence.
4 )comparative analysis of English, Uzbek, Russian intonation
In linguistics, intonation variation of pitch.intonation and stress two main parts of linguistics prosody. intonation is a part of supersegmental phonology.intonation helps us to recognize the language
5 )morphological composition of pronoun.
There is no uniformity of morphological and syntactical characteristics in the groups of pronouns. Some pronouns have the grammatical categories of person, gender, case, and number. The categories of person and gender (in the third person singular) exist only in personal, and possessive pronouns.
Pronouns as well as nouns have two cases but whereas some pronouns have the nominative and objective cases, others have the common and genitive cases.


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1. 
   The comparison may be of two types: substantialand non-substantial. Indcr substantial comparison, linguists mean comparison of some concrete Illinois or objects, e.g. sounds, digits, numbers, etc. Under non-substantial »amparison, linguists mean comparison of systems and their elements.
   2.Suffixes are letters added to the end of a base word to change its conjugation, word type, or other grammar properties like plurality. English has only eight inflectional suffixes:
   • noun plural {-s} – “He has three desserts.”
   • noun possessive {-s} – “This is Betty’s dessert.”
   • verb present tense {-s} – “Bill usually eats dessert.”
   • verb past tense {-ed} – “He baked the dessert yesterday.”
   • verb past participle {-en} – “He has always eaten dessert.”
   • verb present participle {-ing} – “He is eating the dessert now.”
   • adjective comparative {-er} – “His dessert is larger than mine.”
   • adjective superlative {-est} – “Her dessert is the largest.”
   3.synthetic language, any language in which syntactic relations within sentences are expressed by inflection (the change in the form of a word that indicates distinctions of tense, person, gender, number, mood, voice, and case) or by agglutination (word formation by means of morpheme, or word unit, clustering). Latin is an example of an inflected language; Hungarian and Finnish are examples of agglutinative languages.
   4. Northern Uzbek has 5 vowel phonemes, i.e., sounds that distinguish word meaning. Vowels can be either short or long. Vowel length makes a difference in word meaning. Long vowels do not occur at the beginning of words
   5. Syntax in English sets forth a specific order for grammatical elements like subjects, verbs, direct and indirect objects, etc. For example, if a sentence has a verb, direct object, and subject, the proper order is subject → verb → direct object All sentences require a subject and a verb. However, imperative sentences (commands) do not need to include their subject because it’s assumed to be the person the sentence is directed at. A single sentence should include one main idea. If a sentence includes two or more ideas, it’s best to break it up into multiple sentences. The subject comes first, and the verb comes second. If the sentence has objects, they come third, after the verb. Subordinate clauses (dependent clauses) also require a subject and verb. Below we explain more about how to use subordinate clauses in sentence structure
   

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1. 
   Consonants are letters that represent certain speech sounds, specifically sounds that involve blocking the air before it leaves the mouth, such as with the tongue, lips, or throat. Most letters of the English alphabet are consonants, except for a, e, i, o, and u, which are vowels. Consonants play a significant role in both spelling and pronunciation, as well as writing where sound is important, like poetry or music lyrics. Below we give a more detailed answer to the questions: What are consonants? Including their difference from vowels, how they’re used with the articles an and an, and the relationship between consonants and consonance.
   2. Morphological features in language.
   Stem or root words, suffixes, and prefixes are morphological features in linguistics, and together they make up the structure of words. Morphology is also the study of synthetic language in which grammatical relations and distinctions are realized within words.
   3. Phonology: Segmental phonology and Suprasegmental phonology.
   Phonology encompasses segmental and suprasegmental information. Segments consist of vowels and consonants while suprasegmental features are speech attributes that accompany consonants and vowels but which are not limited to single sounds and often extend over syllables, words, or phrases
   4. Allomorphy is the phenomenon that a single morpheme has different realizations, i.e. alternative forms depending on the phonological or morphological context in which it appears. Three Types of Allomorphs:
   

Replacive Allomorph.
Zero Allomorph.
Suppletion Allomorph
5. Branches of lexical typology.
Lexical typology examines the diversity of the semantics of lexical units in today's languages, and its main task is to study the ways in which the lexical constants in the languages are expressed and the typological generality. Semantic typology is the typological study of content plan units