2. History of translation History of theory

Sing language interpreting. When hearing person speaks, an interpreter will render the meaning of the speaker into the sign language used by the deaf party. When a deaf person signs, an interpreter will render the meaning expressed in the signs into the spoken language of the hearing party. This may be performed either as simultaneous interpreting or consecutive interpreting. Skilled sign language interpreters will position themselves in a room or space that allows them both to be seen by deaf participants and heard by hearing participants clearly and to see and hear participants clearly. In some circumstances, an interpreter may interpret from one sign language into an alternate sign language. Deaf people also work as interpreters. They team with hearing counterparts to provide interpretation for deaf individuals who may not share the standard sign language used in that country. They also relay information from one form of language to another – for example, when a person is signing visually, the deaf interpreter could be hired to copy those signs into a deaf- blind person's hand plus include visual information.


2. Note-taking in consecutive interpreting
The essential part of a consecutive interpreter's work is done in the activities already described:
• understanding
• analysis
• re-expression
Notes are an aid to enhance the work done on the basis of these 3 components, not being an end in themselves, but a means to an end. The main use of notes is to relieve memory. Although an interpreter may have understood the main ideas of a speech, it is almost impossible for him or her to recall all the elements of a 5-minute speech, particularly if it contains numbers, names, lists, since such elements cannot be recalled on the basis of analysis and logic. Moreover, through notes the interpreter can reproduce the content and structure of a speech, stressing the main ideas, the secondary elements and the relations among them. Reflecting the speech structure in notes forces the interpreter to make an immediate, oral analysis of what he or she hears, and then, when reproducing the speech, the written structure can be used as a path to verbalize the speech again.