- Thanks to
- Because
- Because of
- As a result of
- Since
- Due to / due to the fact that
- Owing to / owing to the fact that
- As
CONTRASTING IDEAS - But
- However
- Although
- Despite / despite the fact that
- In spite of / in spite of the fact that
- Nevertheless
- Nonetheless
- While
- Whereas
- Unlike
- In theory,...... in practice
Sequencing ideas - The former,.... The latter
- Firstly, secondly, finally
- The first point is...
- Lastly
- The following
Summarizing ideas - In short
- In brief
- In summary
- To summarize
- In a nutshell
- To conclude
- In conclusion
- Usage notes - adding information In addition In formal writing, you should
- avoid using also at the beginning of a sentence. To start a sentence with an
- additional piece of information, use a phrase such as in addition or as well as.
- "Profits have risen. In addition, our market share has increased."
- "In addition to a rise in profits, our market share has increased."
- Too Too can go either at the end of the sentence, or after the subject of the
- sentence.
- "The financial analysts were concerned, too."
- "They, too, were concerned by the profitability."
- Besides This can mean apart from.
- "Besides the problems in distribution, we also have to find a way of marketing such a new product."
- Besides can also go at the beginning of a sentence to mean and another thing or anyway. This is quite informal and it should be avoided in formal writing.
- "We can't go on a cruise this year - we don't have enough time. Besides, it's far too expensive."
- Moreover This is a formal word which adds to or supports an argument. It can be used at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
- "The company needs to expand into Asia this year. Moreover, the market conditions are extremely favorable for expansion."
- "The company needs to expand and, moreover, the conditions are perfect."
- Furthermore A formal word to mean in addition.
- "The company needs to expand into Asia
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