60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
Grade 9
26.2.9.1*. Given an arbitrary 4ABC, its medians AM , BN , CQ, and a point X outside it. Prove that the area of one of the triangles 4XAM , 4XBN , or 4XCQ is equal to the sum of areas of the other two. 26.2.9.2. A closed 14-angled broken line is drawn along the lines of a piece of mesh paper. No line of the graph contains more than two links of the broken line and no two links can go in succession along one horizontal or vertical line. What is the greatest number of self-intersection points that the brocken line can have? 26.2.9.3. We drew all diagonals in a regular decagon. How many nonsimilar triangles is it possible to form from all sides and diagonals of the decagon? 26.2.9.4. A 9 × 9 table contains all integers from 1 to 81. Prove that there exist two adjacent numbers whose difference is not less than 6. (Cf. Problem 26.2.8.2.) 26.2.9.5. See Problem 26.2.7.5. Grade 10 26.2.10.1. Prove that the equation x n + y n = z n cannot have integer solutions if x + y is prime and n is an odd number > 1. 26.2.10.2. We drew a mesh of n horizontal and n vertical straight lines on a sheet of paper. How many distinct closed broken, perhaps, self-intersecting, lines of 2n segments each can one draw along the lines of the mesh so that each broken line traverses along all horizontal and vertical lines? 26.2.10.3. In a regular 25-gon we drew vectors from the center to all the vertices. How to select several of these 25 vectors for the sum of the selected vectors to be the longest? 26.2.10.4. Let A 0 , B 0 , C 0 , D 0 , E 0 be the midpoints of the sides of convex pentagon ABCDE. Prove that 2S A 0 B 0 C 0 D 0 E 0 ≥ S ABCDE . 26.2.10.5*. Consider the sequence a 1 = a 2 = 1, a n = a 2 n−1 +2 a n−2 for n ≥ 3. Prove that the a n are integers. Grade 11 26.2.11.1. Prove that there are no distinct positive integers x, y, z, t such that x x + y y = z z + t t . 26.2.11.2. Prove that of 11 arbitrary infinite decimal fractions one can select two fractions with the difference between them having either an infinite number of zeros or an infinite number of nines in the decimal expression. 26.2.11.3. Find all polynomials P (x) satisfying the identity xP (x − 1) = (x − 26)P (x) for all x. 26.2.11.4. See Problem 26.2.10.4. 26.2.11.5*. Prove that on a sphere it is impossible to arrange three arcs of great circles of measure 300 ◦ each so that no two of them have any common points (endpoints included). (See Fig. 54.) OLYMPIAD 27 (1964) 77 Figure 54. (Probl. 26.2.11.5) Olympiad 27 (1964) Tour 27.1 Grade 7 27.1.7.1. In 4ABC, the heights dropped to sides AB and BC are not shorter than the respective sides. Find the angles of the triangle. 27.1.7.2. On a given circle, there are selected two diametrically opposite points A and B and a third point, C. The tangent to this circle at B meets line AC at M . Prove that the tangent drawn to this circle at C divides BM in halves. 27.1.7.3. Prove that the sum of the digits in the decimal expression of a perfect square cannot be equal to 5. 27.1.7.4. We drew 11 horizontal and 11 vertical intersecting straight lines on a sheet of paper. We call a segment of one of the straight line drawn that connects two neighboring intersections a “link”. What least number of links must we erase in order for each intersection to be a junction of not more than 3 links? 27.1.7.5. Consider the sequence a 0 = a 1 = 1; a Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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