7-1 Motivation intensity intensivlik, direction- yo’nalish, persistence- qatiylik

Influencing Self-Efficacy in Others The best way for a manager to use verbal persuasion is through the Pygmalion effect, a term based on a Greek myth about a sculptor (Pygmalion) who fell in love with a statue he carved. The Pygmalion effect is a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true. Here, it is often used to describe “that what one person expects of another can come to serve a self-fulfilling prophecy.”68 An example should make this clear

Boshqalarning o'z-o'zini samaradorligiga ta'sir qilish Menejer uchun og'zaki foydalanishning eng yaxshi usuli ishontirish Pigmalion effekti orqali, bu atama haqidagi yunon afsonasiga asoslangan

haykaltarosh (Pygmalion) o'yib yasagan haykalga oshiq bo'lgan. Pigmalion ta'sir o'zini-o'zi amalga oshiradigan bashoratning bir shakli bo'lib, unda biror narsaga ishonish mumkin uni haqiqatga aylantiring. Bu erda u ko'pincha "bir kishi kutgan narsasini" tasvirlash uchun ishlatiladi
Boshqasi o'z-o'zini amalga oshiradigan bashoratga xizmat qilishi mumkin.”68 Misol keltirishi kerak
buni aniqlang

@reinforcement theory A theory suggesting that behavior is a function of its consequences

mustahkamlash nazariyasi taklif qiladigan nazariya bu xatti-harakatlar uning oqibatlarining funktsiyasidir

Goal setting is a cognitive approach, proposing that an individual’s purposes direct his or her action. Reinforcement theory, in contrast, takes a behavioristic view, arguing that reinforcement conditions behavior.The two theories are clearly at odds philosophically

Maqsadni belgilash - bu shaxsning maqsadlarini taklif qiladigan kognitiv yondashuv uning harakatini boshqaradi. Mustahkamlash nazariyasi, aksincha, bixevioristik xususiyatga ega ko'rish, mustahkamlash xulq shartlar, deb bahslasha. Ikki nazariya falsafiy jihatdan qarama-qarshi ekanligi aniq
Operant Conditioning/Behaviorism and Reinforcement Operant conditioning theory, probably the most relevant component of reinforcement theory for management, argues that people learn to behave to get something they want or to avoid something they don’t want. Unlike reflexive or unlearned behavior, operant behavior is influenced by the reinforcement or lack of reinforcement brought about by consequences. Operant konditsionerlik/xulq-atvor va mustahkamlash Operant konditsionerlik nazariyasi, Menejment uchun mustahkamlash nazariyasining eng dolzarb komponenti, ehtimol,
odamlar xohlagan narsaga erishish yoki undan qochish uchun o'zini tutishni o'rganadi, deb ta'kidlaydi
ular xohlamagan narsa. Refleksiv yoki o'rganilmagan xatti-harakatlardan farqli o'laroq, operant
xulq-atvorga kuchaytirish yoki olib kelmagan mustahkamlash ta'sir qiladi oqibatlari haqida.

B. F. Skinner, one of the most prominent advocates of operant conditioning, demonstrated that people will most likely engage in desired behaviors if they are positively reinforced for doing so; rewards are most effective if they immediately follow the desired response; and behavior that is not rewarded, or

is punished, is less likely to be repeated. The concept of operant conditioning was part of Skinner’s broader concept of behaviorism, which argues that behavior follows stimuli in a relatively unthinking manner. Skinner’s form of radical behaviorism rejects feelings, thoughts, and other states of mind as causes of behavior. In short, people learn to associate stimulus and response, but their awareness of this association is irrelevant.
B. F. Skinner, operant konditsionerlikning eng ko'zga ko'ringan tarafdorlaridan biri, agar odamlar buning uchun ijobiy kuchaytirilsa, katta ehtimol bilan kerakli xatti-harakatlarga kirishishini ko'rsatdi; agar ular kerakli javobga darhol amal qilsalar, mukofotlar eng samarali hisoblanadi; va mukofotlanmagan xatti-harakatlar, yoki jazolanadi, takrorlanish ehtimoli kamroq. Operant konditsionerlik kontseptsiyasi Skinnerning xulq-atvori nisbatan aql bovar qilmaydigan tarzda ogohlantirishlarga ergashishini ta'kidlaydigan kengroq bixeviorizm kontseptsiyasining bir qismi edi. Skinnerning radikal bixeviorizm shakli his-tuyg'ularni, fikrlarni va boshqa ruhiy holatlarni xatti-harakatlarning sabablari sifatida rad etadi. Muxtasar qilib aytganda, odamlar rag'batlantirish va javobni bog'lashni o'rganadilar, ammo ularning bu assotsiatsiyadan xabardorligi ahamiyatsiz.

@behaviorism A theory stating that behavior follows stimuli in a relatively unthinking manner.

Bixeviorizm Bu xatti-harakatni bildiruvchi nazariya nisbatan o'ylamasdan qo'zg'atuvchilarga ergashadi usul.

Social-Learning Theory and Reinforcement Individuals can learn by being told or by observing what happens to other people, as well as through direct experience. Much of what we have learned comes from watching models—parents, teachers, peers, film and television performers, bosses, and so forth.75 The view that we can learn through both observation and direct experience is called

social-learning theory.76
Ijtimoiy ta'lim nazariyasi va mustahkamlash shaxslar aytib berish orqali o'rganishlari mumkin
yoki boshqa odamlar bilan nima sodir bo'lishini kuzatish orqali, shuningdek, bevosita tajriba orqali.
Biz o'rgangan narsalarimizning aksariyati modellarni tomosha qilishdan olingan - ota-onalar,
o'qituvchilar, tengdoshlar, kino va televidenie ijrochilari, boshliqlar va boshqalar.75 Ko'rinish
kuzatish va bevosita tajriba orqali o'rganishimiz mumkin bo'lgan narsa deyiladi
ijtimoiy-ta’lim nazariyasi.76

social-learning theory The view that we can learn through both observation and direct experience.

Ijtimoiy ta'lim nazariyasi biz qila oladigan nuqtai nazar ham kuzatish, ham bevosita o‘rganish tajriba.