3. Where do cicada nymphs get their food?
A)
from the liquid in roots
B) from the leaves of trees
C) from nutrients in the soil
D)
from the eggs of crickets
4. What can be inferred about cicada nymphs?
A) They live in the water.
B) They are good diggers.
C) They only have one pair of wings.
D) They are bigger than adult cicadas.
5. Which can replace the word “ensure” in line 17?
A) fulfill B) make sure C) find out D) contain
78. THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT
Somewhere in
South America, a butterfly flaps its wings. A few days later, a huge hurricane hits the
coast of Texas. Could these two events be connected? According to the “butterfly effect,” they can. It’s a
concept that was first used to explain why weather forecasts are often wrong. Today, it has grown into a
theory about how even the smallest actions can have big effects.
Throughout history, there have been many
examples of the butterfly effect. Take the case of the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. He was expected to
become the king of Austria-Hungary. In 1914, his driver made a wrong turn onto a backstreet. There, he was
shot and killed by a man opposed to the Austro-Hungarian government. This single killing caused
a series of
events that eventually led to the start of the First World War. By the end of the war, more than 16 million
people had died. But the butterfly effect doesn’t always lead to tragedy. Take the example of a scientist named
Alexander Fleming. In 1928, he was studying bacteria. He went on a vacation and forgot to put away a dish
containing some of the bacteria. When
he returned to his laboratory, he found that some kind of mold had
killed the bacteria. He didn’t leave the dish there on purpose, but his small mistake would
change modern
medicine forever. He used this mold to create penicillin, which has saved millions of lives.
These examples of the butterfly effect remind us that everything we do has consequences. We might not
experience them right away, but that doesn’t mean they won’t happen. Can you think
of any other interesting
examples of the butterfly effect?
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