A avloniy nomidagi xalq ta”limi muammolarini o’rganish va istiqbollarini belgilash ilmiy -tadqiqot instituti

8. Reading a lot 
Learners must be also encouraged to read a lot. Extensive reading helps them 
become fluent and develop speed at reading different texts, a competency much 
needed for academic success and in students’ future careers. 
How to teach reading skills 
How to teach reading skills depends on which objectives the teacher aims at 
developing in his/her students and on how lesson plans are structured. To this effect, 
teachers must make decisions about the objectives of their reading comprehension 
lesson. For example, the following objectives guide teachers in teaching reading 
skills: 
o 
Reading for gist? 
o 
Reading for specific information? 
o 
Reading for detailed comprehension? 
o 
Developing speed reading? 
o 
Training learners in specific reading strategies? 
o 
Inferring meaning from context? 
o 
A combination of the above goals? 
o 
… 
How to teach reading relies also on the way the lesson is structured. In fact, any 
reading lesson plan should include three stages: 
o 
Pre-reading stage 

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o 
While reading stage 
o 
Post-reading stage 
Pre-reading stage 
According to the constructivists, we construct new knowledge by relying on 
our prior knowledge. Being able to decode the information from the text is 
insufficient. Teachers should encourage learners to utilize their own world 
knowledge and worldview to make sense of the text. This knowledge, which is often 
referred to as schema (see above), is the essential condition for the process of 
construction of meaning. 
Pre-reading activities are an essential part of the reading lesson because of the 
following: 
o 
They help students be more prepared for what they are about to read. 
o 
These activities help learners anticipate the topic of reading. 
o 
Formulating expectations about the content of the text help learners prepare 
themselves for the kind of language, vocabulary, and even grammar that might be 
used in the text. 
o 
These activities create the need for reading the text to know more about a 
topic. 
o 
By creating the need to learn more about the topic, these activities increase 
students’ motivation. 
Teachers must activate students’ knowledge about the topic of the text they are 
about to read using the following activities: