A. I. Abdirazakov, R. S. Bekjonov neft va gaz qazib olish texnologiyalari

Литература 322
Глоссарий 323

CONTENTS
Introduction……………………………………………………………………	5
1-Chapter. Physical characteristics of oil deposits…………………………..	7
1.1.The factors that determine commercial value oil field………………........	7
1.2.Reservoir pressure………………………………………………………….	8
1.3.Sources of formation energy and mechanism of its use…………………..	10
2-Chapter.Conditions and possibilities of establishing the optimal regime exploitation of deposits………………………………………………………..	17
2.1.General information on the commissioning of the oil field……………….	17
2.2.Technological mode of operation of the Deposit………………………….	19
2.3. General principles of regulation of the reservoir drainage process………	20
2.4.The principles of rational development of deposits………………………	21
3-Chapter. Impacts on oil deposits……………………………………………	24
3.1. Objective methods of influence……………………………………………..	24
3.2.Maintaining reservoir pressure by water injection………………………..	25
3.3.Characteristics of reservoir pressure maintenance by water injection…….	33
3.4.Maintaining reservoir pressure by gas injection…………………………..	35
4-Chapter. Preparation of wells for operation………………………………	40
4.1.Methods of opening of productive layers………………………………….	40
4.2.Well bottom hole equipment……………………………………………….	41
4.3.Pipe perforation in wells……………………………………………………	45
4.4.Hydro-jet perforation……………………………………………………….	49
4.5. Methods of fluid inflow and well development …………………………..	52
5-Chapter.Mechanism of oil displacement at different energy sources……	57
5.1.The conditions of inflow of the fluid to downhole………………………..	57
5.2.Well flow formulas…………………………………………………………	58
5.3.Interaction of wells and formation…………………………………………	59
5.4.The hydrodynamic imperfection of the wells………………………………	60
6-Chapter. Methods of influence on the bottom-hole zone…………………	64
6.1.The purpose of the methods and their General characteristics……………	64
6.2. Treatment of wells with hydrochloric acid……………………………….	64
6.3.Thermochemical and termechikova processing……………………………	69
6.4.Heat treatment of bottom-hole zone……………………………………….	70
6.5.Fracturing…………………………………………………………………..	73
6.6.Torpedoing wells…………………………………………………………..	77
7-Chapter. Well exploration…………………………………………………..	80
7.1.The purpose and methods of research of wells…………………………….	80
7.2.Hydrodynamic parameters of wells and formations………………………	80
7.3.Methods hydrodynamic research ………………………………………….	83
7.4.Investigation of wells under steady-state conditions………………………	84
7.5.Study wells in unsteady modes…………………………………………….	98
7.6.Hydro-monitoring method…………………………………………………	105
7.7. Selection of the optimal mode of wells operation………………………..	106
8-Chapter. Fundamentals of the theory of lifting fluid in the well…………	108

8.1.Physics of motion of gas-liquid mixture in a vertical pipe………………..	108
8.2.Well energy balance………………………………………………………..	113
8.3.The rise of the liquid in the wells by hydrostatic pressure……………….	116
9 -Chapter. Fountain operation of oil wells………………………………….	117
9.1.The conditions flowing…………………………………………………….	117
9.2.Application of fountain pipes……………………………………………..	121
9.3.Wellhead equipment used in fountain operation………………………….	123
9.4.Ladders(gas separators…………………………………………………….	133
9.5.Regulation of the operation of the fountain wells…………………………	136
9.6.Elimination of paraffin deposits in fountain wells………………………..	141
9.7.Measures for labor protection during fountain operation………………..	145
10-Chapter. Gas-lift well operation…………………………………………..	147
10.1.General principles of gas-lift operation………………………………….	147
10.2.Gas lift well commissioning………………………………………………	149
10.3.Depth valves………………………………………………………….......	153
10.4.The distribution of the wells working agent……………………………..	159
10.5. Wellhead equipment of compressor wells……………………………….	161
10.6.A study of compressor wells……………………………………………..	162
10.7.Compressor-free gas lift………………………………………………….	164
10.8.Safety in gas-lift operation……………………………………………….	166
11- Chapter. Well operation with rod deep well pumps…………………….	166
11.1.Classification glubinnoye installations…………………………………..	166
11.2.Scheme and principii work glubinnoe rod installation...One hundred sixty eight……………………………………………………………………………..	168
11.3. Deep-well rod pumps…………………………………………………….	177
11.4. Sucker rod………………………………………………………………..	181
11.5.Equipment of the mouth, sucker rod wells………………………………	182
11.6.Factors affecting the operation of pumps and their elimination………..	185
11.7.Loss effect of the plunger…………………………………………………	190
11.8.Determine the immersion depth of the pump under the dynamic level…	191
11.9.The number of swings and the length of the plunger……………………	192
11.10. Determination of forces at the suspension point of the sucker rods….	194
11.11. Depth pump selection…………………………………………………..	195
11.12. Select the type of pumping unit………………………………………..	198
11.13.Determining the performance of the deep well pump………………….	200
11.14. Control over the operation of deep well pumps………………………	203
11.15.Operation of sucker rod pump wells in the complicated conditions…..	212
11.16.Operation of marginal wells.Periodic operation………………………..	219
11.17. Rotoflex installation…………………………………………………….	221
11.18.Rod well pumps manufactured according to the standards of the American petroleum Institute (ANI) …………………………………………..	223
11.19.Safety in sucker-rod well operation…………………………………….	238
12 -Chapter. Operation of wells with submersible centrifugal pumps…….	241
12.1.The appointment and the device of a submersible centrifugal electric	241

pumps…………………………………………………………………………..
12.2. Scope and characteristics of submersible pumps……………………….	242
12.3. Installations of submersible centrifugal electric pumps…………………	244
12.4. Well operation pagagnini centraline pumps ……………………………	251
12.5.Safety in the installation and operation of wells equipped with submersible centrifugal pumps………………………………………………………………	255
13.- Chapter Operation of oil wells gidroperekisi pumps…………………..	257
13.1. Operating principle of hydraulic piston pump…………………………	257
13.2. Tap feed and operating pressure…………………………………………	264
14 -Chapter. Oil well operation by other types of pumps ………………….	269
14.1. Well operation units electrodiathermy pumps………………………….	269
14.2. Well operation units steinich pumps…………………………………….	270
14.3. Operation of the wells using donehogawa pump installations………….	276
14.4. Prospects of using the BOTTOM for oil production with abnormal properties ………………………………………………………………………	278
14.5.Preimushestva long stroke pumping units with ribbon lift mechanism..	281
15- Chapter. Gas field development………………………………………….	283
15.1.General information on gas and gas condensate fields…………………..	283
15.2.Features of gas field development ……………………………………….	284
15.3.Construction and equipment of gas wells………………………………..	288
15.4. Gas wellhead equipment………………………………………………….	289
15.5. Gas well bottom-up equipment………………………………………….	293
15.6. Types, composition and classification of packers………………………	294
15.7. Establishment of technological mode of operation of gas wells ……….	295
15.8. Gas production……………………………………………………………	301
15.9. Hydrate formation and prevention………………………………………	302
16 -Chapter. Separate operation of layers of one well………………………	304
16.1.Some seamy equipment of wells for separate operation of reservoirs….	304
16.2.Variants of joint and separate operation…………………………………	307
17- Chapter. Repair work in wells……………………………………………	311
17.1.The General nature of the work on the underground repair of wells……	311
17.2.Lifting facilities and mechanisms at underground wells………………….	312
17.3.Underground well workover……………………………………………..	317
17.4.The main measures of occupational safety in underground repair of wells…………………………………………………………………………….	319
Literature…………………………………………………………………........	322
Glossary………………………………………………………………………..	323