A01 cohe4573 01 se fm. Qxd

3 6 8
I N D E X
community norms, socialization into
111–12
identity ix
sociopragmatic ability
assessment questions 295
culture, dimensions of 295
data collection 43
pragmatic tone, formative assessment
295
productive skills 295, 297–8
receptive skills 295–7
simulated dialogue, interpretation of
296–7
softeners (mitigators) 135
speech accommodation theory
convergence and divergence 110–11
social context, emphasis on 110, 111
subjectivity 110
speech-act assessment
comprehension
direct measurement 269
learner reactions, using rating scales
267–9
self-assessment 269–70
tone, and function of speech act 269
writing task (activity) 282– 4
performance rating 279–80
production
DCT approach 274 –7
multiple-choice formats 277–8
oral role-play 270– 4
projected oral language, assessing 274
sentence completion format 278
writing task activity 284–5
realistic situations 278–9
student interpretations, debriefing 280
subjectivity, role of 280–1
speech-act learning/performance
contextual factors 239
data collection activity 240–2
task sheet 241–2
explicit strategy instruction 227, 228,
229
initial learning 229
information, gathering 230
L2 speakers, modeling performance of
231
‘lay’ cross-cultural analysis, conducting
230
published materials, accessing 231
language learning and use, strategies in
228–9
learned speech act material, using 229,
233– 4

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speech-act learning/performance
(continued )
learner characteristics 235–6
learner strategies, taxonomy of 227,
229–34, 239– 40
metacognitive strategies 234–5
performance, strategies for
activity 242–3
communication strategies 232–3
L2 speakers, feedback from 232
mnemonic, using 232
research sources 229
style preference inventory, taking 232
subjectivity, and pragmatic choice
233
task, nature of
context 237–9
task complexity 236–7
task difficulty 236
young learners, and strategies 229
speech acts
across languages 10 –12
awareness-raising exercise 209–10
CARLA Speech Acts website 57, 72–3
and conversation analysis (CA) 176
elicited data, as supplement to natural
data 56
illocutionary force 6, 148
indirect realization of 176
language corpora studies 179
multiple turns and structure of 167
natural discourse, characteristics of 56
predictability 6–8
realization of, and authentic language
182
research-based descriptions of (activity)
73– 4
research into viii, ix, 6
speech act sets 8–9, 10–11, 16
speech act strategies
three apology strategies 272; 8n8; 228;
230
strategies for learning and performing
227ff
See also apologies; compliments;
conversational implicature; refusals;
requests
subjectivity, and L2 pragmatic norms 301,
320
communication strategies 220
cross-cultural discourse 167–70
culture, and subjectivity 108
expression of 106
and identity 106–9
linguistic ability 302, 304–6
pragmatic choice 233
receptive versus productive skills
119–20
situational competence ix, 3n1
social/cultural norms 108
speech accommodation theory 110
subjectivity, aspects of 106–7, 280–1
See also divergence, causes of; identify;
explanatory pragmatics; pragmatic
ability
suggestions, in American English 185
teacher education, issues of 22n2, 322
teacher reflection see reflective practice
teachers’ response journal 186
collaborative feedback 189
electronic resources 187, 355–6
journal entries 187
pedagogically oriented articles 187,
357–9
recommended reading 187–8
reflective prompts 32, 187–8
reflective writing 187
technology, and pragmatics-focused
instruction
audio/video materials 247–8
cognitive demand levels (activity)
258–60
cognitive learning, Bloom’s taxonomy of
244, 256–7, 259–60
feature films 245–7
online tools 248–52
sitcoms 247
task selection 257
technological resource list 262–3
technological support system, need for
258
technology-assisted learning, research on
244
technology-assisted material,
experimenting with (activity)
261–3
See also computer-mediated
communication (CMC)
telecollaboration
cross-cultural discussion 255
extended dialogues 254–5
real-time interaction 254
textbook adaptation
closing conversations (activity) 156,
157–61
closing conversations, American
English 158–60
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