Accounting for Managers
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Accounting for Managers
Accounting for Managers
156 Webster08.qxd 8/29/2003 5:52 PM Page 156 Traditional production systems tend to be push systems. When one workstation completes a task, the output is either pushed to the next workstation or inventoried. Completion of the task triggers the start of production of the next unit and is not related to what is needed for subsequent stations. Inventory overrun happens if downstream workstations cannot cope with the workload pushed on them. Since managers usually want to get maximum use from production facilities in order to appear efficient, the result often means production of excessive work- in-progress inventory. In contrast, JIT is a pull system. A workstation gets an order and then requests the needed items for its production from the preceding workstation. In essence, a customer order starts pro- duction. The customer can be either the ultimate buyer or anoth- er workstation in the production process. A workstation pulls the required items for its production from the preceding workstation. The preceding workstation then withdraws the required items from the work station preceding it to produce the exact quantity needed to replace the with- drawn items, and so on. JIT attempts to limit work-in-process inventory by enforcing a fixed maxi- mum inventory level between each two produc- tion stages. If a worksta- tion’s output inventory level is full, it stops production until it gets the next request. JIT production systems can eliminate a large number of non-value-added costs. First, excess inventory costs—the purchase, storage, and carrying costs—are largely eliminated. JIT also cuts down on time-wasting activities, like waiting for output, moving inventory around, machine setup, and inspecting work in process. Production is organized in man- Download 3.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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