Accounting for Managers
Other Management Accounting Systems
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Accounting for Managers
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- Environmental/Full Cost Accounting
Other Management Accounting Systems
159 Webster08.qxd 8/29/2003 5:52 PM Page 159 Looking at operation costing in relation to other costing sys- tems, we find that it fits along a continuum with job costing and process costing and can be used in combination with actual costing, normal costing, etc. Management makes the system choice and determines if the costs accumulate by job, process, or hybrid system. Environmental/Full Cost Accounting One area of management cost accounting that is developing rap- idly is known by a couple of names. You will find it called either environmental accounting (EA) or full cost accounting (FCA). The reason for this growing interest is clear. Environmental compliance costs have reached stunning levels. The cleanup costs in the U.S. alone now approach $1 trillion. These costs are spread across large areas of the economy: from huge petro- chemical companies to the corner gas station, from chemical runoff in manufacturing computer chips to disposal costs for used computers, from coal mining to junkyard tires, the costs are everywhere. These costs have been long ignored, but as new regulations, increased stockholder scrutiny, and public awareness converge, they are increasingly harder to ignore. I will refer to the accounting system and procedures that capture these costs as FCA, since recognizing the “full cost” of a busi- ness operation strikes me as clearer in intent. The scale and scope of FCA will depend on a wide sweep of factors. It can be applied to the level of an individual process, a system, a product, a facility, or an entire company. Coverage may include specific costs, avoidable costs, future costs, and/or social external costs. Ideally, an FCA system is layered on a sophisticated cost accounting system that uses many of the fea- tures of activity-based costing, TQM, and balanced scorecard. The first set of decisions must address this scale and scope. How deeply will the need to account for environmental costs penetrate the organization? Will it apply to just a process or will the entire facility/company be affected? Obviously, the greater the scale, the more resources will be required. Other considera- Download 3.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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