Accounting for Managers
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Accounting for Managers
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- Other Management Accounting Systems 167 Taking Undue Credit: True Story
Accounting for Managers
166 Transfer pricing The process by which monetary value is placed on the flows of goods and services between profit centers within an organization. Webster08.qxd 8/29/2003 5:52 PM Page 166 authority granted to a manager—is a secondary objective. There are several methods for setting a transfer price. Cost- based transfer prices could settle on the variable cost or the full cost of the product. Another option would be to use cost plus a mark-up percentage or just the regular market price. (Generally, market-based transfer prices promote goal congruence in com- petitive markets, in terms of resource-maximizing decisions.) Finally, the managers could negotiate a price. An important issue that interacts with the degree of decen- tralization is mandatory versus voluntary transfers and transfer prices. Does either manager have the option to decline the transaction? In practice, most companies use either full cost or market price when an intermediate market exists. What are potential drawbacks to using either full cost or market price? When cost-based transfer prices are used, the selling unit generally is the only one with complete cost knowl- edge and thus may distort such costs in an attempt to control the transfer price. When variable cost is used as the transfer price, the selling unit has the incentive to classify some fixed costs as variable costs. Full cost includes a surrogate for the Other Management Accounting Systems 167 Taking Undue Credit: True Story A company president learned about transfer pricing at a seminar.There was an internal unit in the production department that did warranty computer repair work. He directed that all the other departments send their computer repair work to this unit at a transfer price based on the warranty work but that no money was to change hands. The repair unit dutifully recorded all the repair work at the transfer price rate in the accounting system.There was a fair amount of such work.The president and all the managers were impressed at how well the production unit was doing. At the end of the year, sales for the production unit were up sharply and it was bonus time all around. When it came time to do the taxes, the accountant started wondering why sales were up so dramatically from last year.You guessed it. Recording all those transfer transactions as sales inflated the income. Moral: don’t do things halfway. Webster08.qxd 8/29/2003 5:52 PM Page 167 cost of adding additional capacity (i.e., the allocations of fixed costs to products), but this is relevant only when there is no excess production capacity in the long run. Current market prices may not be good surrogates for opportunity cost, because they may not reflect issues such as timeliness of deliv- ery, product specifications and quality control, and proprietary information about the production function. Download 3.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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