Let’s look at the simple example of paying the insurance
bill. The annual bill is $7,200 if paid in advance, $8,400 in two
equal installments, or $800 on a monthly basis. Being prudent
managers, we take the time value of money into account. We
pay the $7,200 in June to cover the insurance bill for the entire
12 months. Our fiscal year ends December 31, so we’ll have to
carry the insurance over.
When we’ve paid for the insurance, it’s an asset. When the
month comes around, the portion of the asset covering the
month converts to an expense. On the books, it will look like
Table 3-6.
By the end of the year, the accumulated accounts will show
the ledger entries in Table 3-7.
You can set some accounting systems do this automatically.
With others, you have to remember to post the transaction
monthly. At the start of the next year, the balance in the asset
account must be carried forward while the expense account is
cleared (Table 3-8).
Common adjusting entries involve carrying over payroll-
related data to the next accounting period. Thus, employee
wages and taxes earned in the last period but not payable until
the new period, along with the associated employer share of
FICA and other taxes due, need an adjusting entry. Other
adjustments include the need to accrue revenues and expenses
related to interest, depreciation, inventory changes, dividends,
or income tax payable. Finally, if your day-to-day books are
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