Agricultural value chains activity in uzbekistan
GENDER GAPS IN AGRICULTURAL VALUE CHAINS IN UZBEKISTAN
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GENDER GAPS IN AGRICULTURAL VALUE CHAINS IN UZBEKISTAN
(OUTCOMES OF THE FIELD VISIT) Empirical studies show that improvements in processes, products and functional distribution in value chains can enhance chain-level outcomes leading to women’s empowerment and, ultimately, to improved household welfare outcomes (FAO 2011) 7 . Therefore, the primary target is to remove constraints and provide equal opportunities for both, men and women, to access and to gain benefits from participating in the agricultural value chains. Thus, increasing job and income opportunities for both men and women is one of the main objectives of the AVC gender strategy. Approved AVC work plan for FY2016 as well as outcomes from discussions with AVC’s technical staff revealed current activities in which, gender related gaps and issues could be addressed. Firstly, although small number of women own land, their participation and direct involvement in the production process is noted to be significant. Women in the foreseen pilot districts were largely involved in horticulture production, post-harvest handling, and local marketing and sales. Majority of women can be found during the seasonal works and in the medium and large commercial farms and at the same time in their home gardens. However, they have limited access in three dimensions: 1) production related inputs including financial resources and equipment; 2) information and knowledge, in handling certain activities along horticulture value chains; and 3) low management and decision making capacity. Background literature review revealed facts of high involvement of women in horticultural value chains both in farm and household levels. Thus, female chain actor are often engaged in range of activities, but these are often not visible or activities are not valued, compared to the activities of male counterparts that have better positions in income and access to resources, information and market linkages. In order to understand where and how men and women participate in agricultural value chains and to identify the determinants of women’s success in these processes interviews were conducted (Appendix 1). Open-ended semi-structured questions for actors taking various value chain positions were designed to: i) describe specific activities, challenges, and successes as well as participation and leadership of women and girls within horticulture AVCs; ii) clarify the context, gender gaps and to study successful examples within the horticulture related value chains (Appendix 2). Specific questions for male and female key informants in various value chains included topics related to agricultural reforms and their impact on gender equality participation in value chains, access and control of inputs and outputs, organization of labour and gender-based segregation of agricultural activities, socio-economic factors, as well as constrains and opportunities for women involved in AVCs. Results showed significant visibility and involvement of women in various levels and activities (Appendix 3). According to respondents around 70 to 90% of women are involved in agricultural production and post-harvest of fruits and vegetables. Only production and sales of melons seemed to be more controlled by men. Men are involved in activities that require mostly physical strength. At the same time, men dominated activities also include selection/multiplication and purchase of seeds and seedlings as well as management of production and postharvest and exporting businesses (Figures 3). 7 FAO, 2011. Women in agriculture: closing the gender gap in development. http://www.fao.org/publications/sofa/en/. ` USAID.GOV AVC UZBEKISTAN FY2019 QUARTER 3 REPORT | 12 Figure 7: Gender mapping of involvement of men and women in the value chains of main categories of horticultural production and post-production. Data generated from information given by the DAI AVC project technical staff and key informant interviews in the Bukhara, Samarkand, Andijan and Namangan. Interviews with key informants revealed several barriers that they considered to be hindering women’s access into the horticulture value chains described below. Download 1.41 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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