Ahmed Draia of Adrar Faculty of Art and Languages Department of English Language and Literature

2.4. Motivation and in Person Classroom/ Face
 
to
 
face Education
 
A. The Reading Skill and Motivation
There are many definitions of reading depending on the standing point from where we look. 
Baudoin et al. (1994) define reading as follows: 
Reading is a complex activity that involves both word recognition, the 
process of perceiving how written symbols correspond to one's spoken 
language; and comprehension, the process of making sense of words, 
sentences and connected paragraphs (Baudoin et al., 1994, p.i). 
Guthrie and Wigfield (2000), on the other hand, defined reading motivation, as “…the 
individual's personal goals, values, and beliefs with regard to the topics, processes, and 
outcomes of reading” (p.405). By this definition, we can say that the individual motivation is 

---

15 
under the individuals „control because it is determined by his beliefs values and goals .the 
definition also hint that motivation is a complex in which there are deferent aspects of the term. 
B. The Writing Skill and Motivation
Foreign language learners attempt to reach certain goals, one of the main goals is 
learning to write the language. Academic writing recognized as one of the most crucial aspects 
of language academic achievement. It is also considered as the most difficult skill for EFL 
students. Since it is a productive skill. The studies, which investigated the relationship between 
motivation and writing ability, revealed that motivation especially the intrinsic plays a role in 
the writing process.
C. The Listening Skill and Motivation
Listening is the basis of communication in any language. Motivation is one important 
element that is influencing students' achievement, and when a student is learning listening 
comprehension he/she must be stimulated‟‟. Littlewood, (1984) stated that „„motivation is the 
crucial force which determines whether the listener embarks on a task at all‟‟. Listening 
learning process needs motivation in order to improve and support the skill.