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46. The correct answer is (B). Article I, Section 1, Clause 1 provides that the “Senate of the United
States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the legislature thereof . . . .” The
Seventeenth Amendment (1913) provides that United States senators are to be elected by the people
of the state they represent.
47. The correct answer is (D). The enormous governmental expenditures required to prosecute the war
were guaranteed to produce inflationary pressures. When there is more money to be spent but fewer
things to spend it on, buyers bid up the price of the available goods. The Roosevelt government
established an Office of Price Administration and a War Labor Board. The Office of Price Adminis-
tration fixed prices on everything from food to clothing and rationed essential commodities such as
rubber, oil, sugar, and meat. The War Labor Board was created to mediate labor disputes and avoid
the interruptions in production that would be caused by strikes. Early in the war, the most powerful
labor leaders had given the government a no-strike pledge, a pledge that was for the most part hon-
ored, so the War Labor Board’s primary function became to hold the line on prices. The unions,
therefore, were not disbanded. Finally, the government also used its taxing power to control inflation
(when the government raises taxes, people have less money to spend).
48. The correct answer is (C). About a third of the states and many cities provide citizens with a method
for dismissing from office an elected official even before the next election. It is termed a recall.
Voters petition for a special election in which the issue is whether or not the offending official should
be permitted to remain in office until the end of that term. If enough signatures are obtained on the
petition, a recall vote is held. Initiatives and referendums are related to the recall in that both are
procedures that help to make state and local governments more responsive to the people. Several
state and many local governments provide for an initiative by which voters can suggest laws that they
want considered. Almost all states provide for the referendum, a procedure by which voters can
approve or reject proposed legislation. Arraignment and mistrial are judicial procedures. Arraign-

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Lesson 6
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ARCO
■ SAT II Subject Tests
ment is the proceeding at which the defendant appears before the court and is formally charged, and
mistrial is a procedure whereby a trial judge determines that a serious error has been made during a
trial and discontinues the trial.