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41. The correct answer is (E). Compare the following excerpts of John Locke’s Second Treatise of
Government: An Essay Concerning the True Origin, Extent, and End of Civil Government and the
language of the Declaration of Independence.
Locke:
Men being, as has been said, by Nature, all free, equal and independent, no one can be put out of
this Estate, and subjected to the Political power of another, without his own consent. The only way
whereby any one devests himself of his Natural Liberty, and puts on the bonds of Civil Society is
by agreeing with other Men to joyn and unite into a Community, for their comfortable, safe, and
peaceable living one amongst another, in a secure Enjoyment of their properties . . . .
And ‘tis not without reason, that he seeks out, and is willing to joyn in Society with others . . . for the
mutual Preservation of their Lives, Liberties and Estates, which I call by the general Name, Property.
[W]hen by the Miscarriages of those in Authority [political power] is forefeited; upon the
Forfeiture of their Rules, or at the Determination of the Time set, it reverts to the Society, and the
People have a Right to act as Supreme, and continue the Legislative in themselves, or erect a
new Form . . . as they think good.
The Declaration of Independence:
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by the
Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from
the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these
ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government . . . .
42. The correct answer is (D). The Treaty of Paris of 1783 extinguished Britain’s claim to the land be-
tween the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River, but it did not settle claims between the
states. At the start of the Revolution, Connecticut, Georgia, Massachusetts, North and South Carolina,
and Virginia claimed lands west to the Mississippi on the ground that these had been conveyed to them
during the colonial period. As part of the procedure whereby the Articles of Confederation were adopted,

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