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§ 2. The semi-complex sentence is a semi-composite sentence built 
up on the principle of subordination. It is derived from minimum 
two base sentences, one matrix and one insert. In the process of 
semi-complexing, the insert sentence is transformed into a partially 
depredicated construction which is embedded in one of the syntac-
tic positions of the 

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matrix sentence. In the resulting construction, the matrix sentence 
becomes its dominant part and the insert sentence, its subordinate 
semi-clause. 
The semi-complex sentences fall into a number of subtypes. Their 
basic division is dependent on the character of predicative fusion: 
this may be effected either by the process of position-sharing 
(word-sharing), or by the process of direct linear expansion. The 
sentences based on position-sharing fall into those of subject-
sharing and those of object-sharing. The sentences based on semi-
predicative linear expansion fall into those of attributive complica-
tion, adverbial complication, and nominal-phrase complication. 
Each subtype is related to a definite complex sentence (pleni-
complex sentence) as its explicit structural prototype. 
§ 3. Semi-complex sentences of subject-sharing are built up by 
means of the two base sentences overlapping round the common 
subject. E.g.: 
The man stood. + The man was silent. → The man stood silent. The 
moon rose. + The moon was red. → The moon rose red. 
From the syntagmatic point of view, the predicate of these sen-
tences forms the structure of the "double predicate" because it ex-
presses two essential functions at once: first, the function of a ver-
bal type (the verb component of the predicate); second, the func-
tion of a nominal type (the whole combination of the verb with the 
nominal component). The paradigmatic analysis shows that the 
verb of the double predicate, being on the surface a notional link-
verb, is in fact a quasi-link. 
In the position of the predicative of the construction different cate-
gorial classes of words are used with their respective specific 
meanings and implications: nouns, adjectives, participles both pre-
sent and past. Cf.: 
Sam returned from the polar expedition a grown-up man. They 
waited breathless. She stood bending over the child's bed. We 
stared at the picture bewildered. 
Observing the semantic, content of the given constructions, we sec 
that, within the bounds of their functional differences, they express 
two simultaneous events — or, rather, the simultaneity of the event 
described by the complicalor expansion with that described by the 
dominant part. At the 

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same time the construction gives informative prominence not to its 
dominant, but to the complicator, and corresponds to the pleni-
complex sentence featuring the complicator event in the principal 
clause placed in post-position. Cf.: 
The moon rose red. → As the moon rose it was red. She stood 
bending over the child's bed. → As she stood she was bending over 
the child's bed. 
In the subject-sharing semi-composites with reflexivised dominant 
verbs of intense action the idea of change is rendered. E.g.: 
He spoke himself hoarse. → As he spoke he became hoarse. (Fur-
ther diagnosis: He spoke and spoke until he became hoarse.) 
Apart from the described types of subject-sharing sentences there 
is a variety of them featuring the dominant verb in the passive. 
E.g.: 
The idea has never been considered a wise one. The company was 
ordered to halt. 
These sentences have active counterparts as their paradigmatic 
derivation bases which we analyse below as semi-complex sen-
tences of object sharing.