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§ 3. When approached from the semantico-syntactic point of view, 
the connection between the clauses in a compound sentence should 
be analysed into two basic types: first, the unmarked coordinative 
connection; second, the marked coordinative connection. 
The unmarked coordinative connection is realised by the coordina-
tive conjunction and and also asyndetically. The unmarked seman-
tic nature of this type of connection is seen from the fact that it is 
not specified in any way and requires a diagnostic exposition 
through the marked connection. The exposition properly effected 
shows that each of the two series of compound predicative con-
structions falls into two principal subdivisions. Namely, the syn-
detic and-constructions discriminate, first, simple copulative rela-
tions and, second, broader, non-copulative relations. The asyndetic 
constructions discriminate, first, simple enumerative relations and, 
second, broader, non-enumerative relations. Cf. examples of the 
primary connective meanings of the constructions in question: 
You will have a great deal to say to her, and she will have a great 
deal to thank you for. She was tall and slender, her hair was light 
chestnut, her eyes had a dreamy expression. 
The broader connective meanings of the considered constructions 
can be exposed by equivalent substitutions: 
The money kept coming in every week, and the offensive gossip 
about his wife began to be replaced by predictions of sensational 
success. → The money kept coming in every week, so the offen-
sive gossip about his wife began to be replaced by predictions of 
sensational success. The boy obeyed, the request was imperative. 
→ The boy obeyed, for the request was imperative. 

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The marked coordinative connection is effected by the pure and 
adverbial coordinators mentioned above. Each semantic type of 
connection is inherent in the marking semantics of the connector. 
In particular, the connectors but, yet, stilt, however, etc. express 
different varieties of adversative relations of clauses; the discon-
tinuous connectors both ... and, neither ... nor express, correspond-
ingly, positive and negative (exclusive) copulative relations of 
events; the connectors so, therefore, consequently express various 
subtypes of clausal consequence, etc. 
In order to give a specification to the semantics of clausal relations, 
the coordinative conjunction can be used together with an accom-
panying functional particle-like or adverb-like word. As a result, 
the marked connection, as it were, becomes doubly marked. In par-
ticular, the conjunction but forms the conjunctive specifying com-
binations but merely, but instead, but also and the like; the con-
junction or forms the characteristic coordinative combinations or 
else, or rather, or even, etc. Cf.: 
The workers were not prepared to accept the conditions of the ad-
ministration, but instead they were considering a mass demonstra-
tion. She was frank with him, or rather she told him everything 
concerning the mere facts of the incident. 
The coordinative specifiers combine also with the conjunction and, 
thus turning the unmarked coordinative connection into a marked 
one. Among the specifiers here used are included the adverbial co-
ordinators so, yet, consequently and some others. E.g.: The two 
friends didn't dispute over the issue afterwards, and yet there 
seemed a hidden discord growing between them. 
It should be specially noted that in the described semantic classifi-
cation of the types of coordinative relations, the asyndetic connec-
tion is not included in the upper division of the system, which is 
due to its non-specific functional meaning. This fact serves to sus-
tain the thesis that asyndetic connection of clauses is not to be 
given such a special status in syntax as would raise it above the 
discrimination between coordination and subordination.