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§ 2. The semi-compound sentence of predicate coordination is de-
rived from minimum two base sentences having identical subjects. 
By the act of semi-compounding, one of the base sentences in most 
cases of textual occurrence becomes the leading clause of complete 
structure, while the other one is transformed into the sequential co-
ordinate semi-clause (expansion) referring to the same subject. 
E.g.: 
The soldier was badly wounded. +The soldier stayed in the ranks. 
→ The soldier was badly wounded, but stayed in the ranks. He tore 
the photograph in half. + He threw the photograph in the fire. → 
He tore the photograph in half and threw it in the fire. 
The rare instances contradicting the given rule concern inverted 
constructions where the intense fusion of predicates in overlapping 
round the subject placed in the end position deprives the leading 
clause of its unbroken, continuous presentation. Cf.: 
Before him lay the road to fame. + The road to fame lured him. → 
Before him lay and lured him the road to fame. 
In case of a nominal predicate, the sequential predicative comple-
ment can be used in a semi-compound pattern without its linking 
part repeated. E.g.: 
My manner was matter-of-fact, and casual. The savage must have 
been asleep or very tired. 
The same holds true about coordinated verbids related 

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to a common finite verb in the function of an auxiliary or other-
wise. E.g.: 
The tiger was at large and burning with rage. He could not recall 
the face of the peasant girl or remember the feel of her. 
By the number of bases joined, (and predicate phrases representing 
them) semi-compound sentences may be two-base (minimal) or 
multi-base (more than minimal two-base). The coordinated expan-
sion is connected with the leading part either syndetically or asyn-
detically. 
The syndetic formation of the semi-compound sentence expresses, 
first, copulative connection of events; then contrast, either com-
parative or adversative; furthermore, disjunction (alternation), con-
sequence, limitation, elucidation. The conjunctive elements effect-
ing this syndetic semi-compounding of sentences are both pure 
conjunctions and also words of adverbial nature. The pure conjunc-
tion and, the same as with pleni-compound sentences, expresses 
the unmarked semantic type of semi-compounding; the rest of the 
connectors render various marked types of it. The pure conjunc-
tions used for semi-compounding, besides the copulative and, are 
monoconjunctions but, or, nor, and double (discontinuous) con-
junctions both ... and, not only ... but also, either ... or, neither ... 
nor. The conjunctive adverbials are then, so, just, only. 
Here are some examples of double-conjunctional formations ex-
pressing, respectively, disjunction, simple copulative relation, 
copulative antithesis, copulative exclusion: 
They either went for long walks over the fields, or joined in a quiet 
game of chess on the veranda. That great man was both a soldier 
and a born diplomat. Mary not only put up with his presence, but 
tried to be hospitable. I am neither for the proposal, nor against the 
proposal; nor participating in that sham discussion of theirs at all. 
Cf. instances of conjunctive-adverbial introduction of predicate ex-
pansion rendering the functional meanings of action ordering 
(then), of adversative-concessive relation (yet), of consequence 
(so), of limitation (just): 
His beady eyes searched the clearing, then came back to my face. 
He was the tallest and bravest, yet was among those to give up life. 
I knew then that she was laughing, 

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so laughed with her. The Colonel didn't enlarge on the possible 
outcome of their adventure, just said a few words of warning 
against the abrupt turns of the mountain-pass. 
With semi-compound sentences, similar to pleni-compound sen-
tences, but on a larger scale, conjunctions combine with particle-
like elements of modal-adverbial description. These elements sup-
plement and specify the meaning of the conjunction, so that they 
receive the status of sub-conjunction specifiers, and the pairs "con-
junction plus sub-conjunctive" become in fact regular conjunctive-
coordinative combinations. Here belong such combinations as and 
then, and perhaps, and probably, and presently, and so, and con-
sequently, etc; but merely, but only, but instead, but nevertheless, 
etc.; or else, or even, or rather, etc. The specifications given by the 
sub-conjunctives are those of change of events, probability evalua-
tion, consequence in reasoning, concessive contrast, limiting condi-
tion, intensity gradation, and many others, more specific ones. 
E.g.: 
He waited for some moments longer and then walked down to the 
garden to where, on the terrace, the jeep was parked (H. E. Bates). 
She lived entirely apart from the contemporary literary world and 
probably was never in the company of anyone more talented than 
herself (J. Austen). To his relief, she was not giving off the shifting 
damp heat of her anger, but instead was cool, decisive, material (J. 
Updike). For several hours I discussed this with you, or rather 
vented exhaustive rewordings upon your silent phantom (J. Up-
dike).