Animal anatomy, histology, pathological anatomy

Subject:Hemorrhages in the lungs and kidneys.2 hours.

Topic Objectives: Teachstudents macroscopic and microscopic manifestations of hemorrhage in the example of the lungs and kidneys Visual equipment and instruments: Organ, microtome, block window box, hematoksilin, eosin. Alcohol, xylene, paraffin, microscopy, histological specimen No. 62 and museum preparations Purpose of the lesson: Study of microscopic and macroscopic appearance. 1.Working pieces of pathological material will be cut from the kidneys and skeletal muscles. 2. The particles are washed and dehydrated in an alcohol battery. 3. Paraffin blocks are made. 4. Paint normal cuts .5. Sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. 6. Macroscopic changes are studied using museum preparations. Used literature: 1. F. Ibodullaev “Pathological anatomy of farm animals” Tashkent 2000 .2. B.A. Kuliev, D. Eshimov, D. Yulchiev, "Pathological anatomy textbook" Tashkent 2017
Lesson content: In case of hemorrhages, it is believed that red blood cells and other figurative elements of the blood come out of the vascular wall; where blood accumulates in tissues and natural cavities. There are 3 types of bleeding.
1. Hemorrhage due to rupture of the vascular wall (regexin) (during injection, scratches).
2. Hemorrhage (trans. diapedesin) as a result of an imperceptible violation of the integrity of the vascular wall (poisoning, infectious diseases, inflammation, congestive hyperemia).
3. Hemorrhage due to decomposition (trans.diarosine), (with wound and inflammatory processes, tumors, tuberculosis, mango disease).
Microscopic view.In a small mirror we see that the blood vessels of the interstitial connective tissue in the renal Malpighian sac are filled with blood. Clusters of red blood cells appear. In a large mirror we see that the curved tubules of the kidneys are narrowed and separated from each other. Epithelial cells are affected by granular dystrophy, some develop necrobiosis, and as a result the ductal path is not preserved. There is no boundary between cells, and the cell nuclei appear expanded (pyknosis) or dissolved (lysis). These changes occur where there is bleeding. Macroscopic view. Kidney bleeding is mainly associated with poisoning and some infectious diseases. Bleeding occurs in the cortex and nucleus accumbens of the kidneys. Under the capsule is also fine-grained red, we can also see colored dots.