Animal anatomy, histology, pathological anatomy

Subject:Serous and lobar pneumonia 2 hours.

Topic Objectives: Teachstudents on macroscopic and microscopic manifestations of inflammation using the example of the lungs. Visual equipment and instruments: Organ, microtome, block window box, hematoxilin, eosin. Alcohol, xylene, paraffin, microscopy, histological preparation No. 2.1 and museum preparations Purpose of the lesson: Study of microscopic and macroscopic appearance. 1. Working pieces of pathological material will be cut from the kidneys and skeletal muscles. 2. The particles are washed and dehydrated in an alcohol battery 3. Paraffin blocks are made. 4. Paint normal cuts .5. Sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. 6. Macroscopic changes are studied using museum preparations. Used literature: 1. F. Ibodullaev “Pathological anatomy of farm animals” Tashkent 2000 2. B.A. Kuliev, D. Eshimov, D. Yulchiev, "Pathological anatomy textbook" Tashkent 2017
Text: Exudative inflammation stops and productive inflammation develops. The exudate consists of connective tissue cells, divided-walled epithelial cells, lymphocytes and leukocytes. The lungs have a hard consistency, and a torn mass appears on the cut surface. This mass is also wrapped in a shell. Occurs in tuberculosis, mango and other chronic diseases.
Exudative inflammation is characterized by exudative components - hyperemia, exudation, emigration. Proliferative and alternative components are very poorly developed. Exudative inflammation is often acute. Depending on the composition of the exudate, inflammation is distinguished: serum, hemorrhagic, fibrinous-purulent, catarrhal.
Microscopic view. In a small mirror, alveoli filled with a bright red mass are visible. The capillaries are filled with blood, dilated, the walls of the alveoli are narrowed. A large speculum shows the granularity or homogeneity of the mass in the alveolar cavity. This serum exudate can be seen around the blood vessels, around the bronchi. The connective tissue fibers absorbed by the exudate are swollen, expanded and soft. A small number of leukocytes appear in the blood serum. The cells of the alveolar epithelium are swollen, in places separated from the wall and eroded. Epithelial cells are also visible in the serum, sometimes erythrocytes are less visible. Thus, serum inflammation is characterized by hyperemia, absorption of serous fluid by the walls of blood vessels and bronchi. Serum consists mainly of proteins (albumin, globulin) and hematopoietic elements, as well as epithelial cells.
Macroscopic view. The lungs are tense, white-gray or dark red in color, dough-like in consistency, floating deep in the water, with small hemorrhages under the pleura and parenchyma. A foamy, cloudy liquid seeps through the cut surface. This type of inflammation is more common not only in the lungs, but also in other organs (intestines, stomach, kidneys).
Exudative inflammation stops and productive inflammation develops. The exudate consists of connective tissue cells, divided-walled pithelial cells, lymphocytes and leukocytes. The lungs have a hard consistency, and a torn mass appears on the cut surface. This mass is also wrapped in a shell. Occurs in tuberculosis, mango and other chronic diseases.
Exudative inflammation is characterized by exudative components - hyperemia, exudation, emigration. Proliferative and alternative components are very poorly developed. Exudative inflammation is often acute. Depending on the composition of the exudate, inflammation is distinguished: serum, hemorrhagic, fibrinous-purulent, catarrhal.
Microscopic view. In a small mirror, alveoli filled with a bright red mass are visible. The capillaries are filled with blood, dilated, the walls of the alveoli are narrowed. A large speculum shows the granularity or homogeneity of the mass in the alveolar cavity. This serum exudate can be seen around the blood vessels, around the bronchi. The connective tissue fibers absorbed by the exudate are swollen, expanded and soft. A small number of leukocytes appear in the blood serum. The cells of the alveolar epithelium are swollen, in places separated from the wall and eroded. Epithelial cells are also visible in the serum, sometimes erythrocytes are less visible. Thus, serum inflammation is characterized by hyperemia, absorption of serous fluid by the walls of blood vessels and bronchi. Serum consists mainly of proteins (albumin, globulin) and hematopoietic elements, as well as epithelial cells.
Macroscopic view. The lungs are tense, white-gray or dark red in color, dough-like in consistency, floating deep in the water, with small hemorrhages under the pleura and parenchyma. A foamy, cloudy liquid seeps through the cut surface. This type of inflammation is more common not only in the lungs, but also in other organs (intestines, stomach, kidneys).