Animal anatomy, histology, pathological anatomy

Subject:Diphtheritic colitis andCatarrhal enteritis - 2 hours.

Objectives of the topic: To train students in the macroscopic and microscopic manifestations of inflammation in the example of the large intestine. Visual equipment and instruments: Organ, microtome, block window box, gematoksilin, eosin. Alcohol, xylene, paraffin, microscopy, histological preparation No. 67 and museum preparations

Purpose of the lesson: Study of microscopic and macroscopic appearance. 1. Working pieces of pathological material will be cut from the kidneys and skeletal muscles. 2. The particles are washed and dehydrated in an alcohol battery. 3. Paraffin blocks are made. 4. Paint normal cuts. 5. Sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. 6. Macroscopic changes are studied using museum preparations.

Diphtheritic inflammation is usually observed on the mucous membranes with significant fibrin deposition on the mucosal wall, significant necrotic changes in the tissue wall and accumulation of fibrin between cells. Fibrinogen from the vein descends from the beginning to the end of the necrotic part of the mucous membrane into the tissue, so that the skin is firmly attached to the underlying tissue.

The site of fibrinous inflammation is filled with a homogeneous or fibrous mass of fibrin at a greater or lesser depth under the microscope, where necrotic vessels can be seen. At the border of the inflamed plane with healthy tissue there is a refractory zone (belt), consisting of blood vessels, leukocytes, macrophages, which treats dead and fibrin-filled tissue. 'allows you to easily separate it from the tissue and mutate it.

Macroscopic view.

Button-shaped nodules appear on the mucous membranes of the colon. They are layered, with torn fabric laid between the layers. The nodules are flat and come in different sizes and shapes.

Microscopic view.

With a histological specimen of the colon, we see the layers of the intestinal wall. Decomposed lesions (necrosis) appear in the mucous and submucosal layers. Cells that are destroyed in the oven are bright red. Foci of necrosis are surrounded by hyperemia of capillaries, fibrin fibers and hematopoietic elements. The mucous glands are small (atrophy). The nipples are also thinner.

Catarrhal enteritisObjectives of the topic: To teach students the macroscopic and microscopic manifestations of inflammation in the example of the intestine. Visual equipment and instruments: Organ, microtome, block window box, hematoksilin, eosin. Alcohol, xylene, paraffin, microscopy, histological specimen No. 56 and museum preparations

Purpose of the lesson: Study of microscopic and macroscopic appearance. 1. Working pieces of pathological material will be cut from the kidneys and skeletal muscles. 2. The particles are washed and dehydrated in an alcohol battery. 3. Paraffin blocks are made. 4. Paint normal cuts. 5. Sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. 6. Macroscopic changes are studied using museum preparations. Description of the course Catarrhal enteritis is characterized by hypersecretion of epithelial cells on the mucous membranes of the small intestine, increased mucus formation and destruction of cells of the mucous membranes, and degenerative changes. Catarrhal enteritis occurs as a non-infectious disease in primary cases, and in viral diseases - as a secondary disease. Catarrhal inflammation occurs not only in the intestines, but also in the lungs, stomach, bladder and upper respiratory tract.

Macroscopic view. The intestinal mucosa thickens and folds. Pinpoint hemorrhages appear at the base of the folds. An elongated mucous exudate forms on the intestinal mucosa and on the surface of the mucous membranes.