Animal anatomy, histology, pathological anatomy

Microscopic view. In a small microscope mirror, the intestinal wall, suckers and pancreas are visible. In a large microscope mirror

and pay attention to the composition of the exudate. It contains elements in the form of serum and a large amount of mucus - mucin. Mucin in hematoxylin appears bluish. A decrease in the size of the mammary glands and submucosa is atrophy, and the accumulation of residual substances in epithelial cells is dystrophy.

Catarrhal gastritis. The gastric mucosa is swollen and filled with blood, mucous exudate in the mucous membrane.

Topic: Infectious anemia of the liver - 2 hours.Objectives of the topic: To teach students the macroscopic and microscopic manifestations of anemia, such as the liver. Visual equipment and instruments: Organ, microtome, block window box, hematoksilin, eosin. Alcohol, xylene, paraffin, microscopy, histological preparation No. Inan and museum preparations Purpose of the lesson: Study of microscopic and macroscopic appearance. 1. Working pieces of pathological material will be cut from the kidneys and skeletal muscles. 2. The particles are washed and dehydrated in an alcohol battery. 3. Paraffin blocks are made. 4. Paint normal cuts. 5. Sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. 6. Macroscopic changes are studied using museum preparations.

Purpose of the topic: Concept of disease. To study the macroscopic and microscopic manifestations of changes in the disease using the example of the liver. Course description: Equine infectious anemia is a viral disease of ungulates, characterized by purulent-septic changes. The disease can be acute, semi-acute, subacute and chronic. It can also be very harsh and hidden. The disease is caused by hemolysis of red blood cells, anemia, and fever. Infectious anemia causes the following changes in the liver: 1. Proliferation in a diffuse state, a set of lymphoid and histoid cells in the histological specimen is displayed in blue. 2. There is a disturbance in iron metabolism in the body, as a result of which we see the brownish-yellow pigment hemosiderin in the histological specimen. The pigment dissipates or swells and settles. 3. Dystrophic (granular protein degeneration, fatty degeneration) and necrotic changes are clearly visible in the liver parenchyma. 4. Spotty hemorrhages appear in the blood serum and mucous membranes of organs. Macroscopic appearance: the liver increases in size, the color is nutmeg, brownish-yellow stripes appear on the skin. Hemorrhagic inflammation is characterized by hemorrhage into the mucous membranes, serum, parenchymal organs, enlargement of the spleen and lymph nodes, and degenerative changes. Autopsy results vary depending on the course of the procedure. In the acute stage of the disease, weight loss, jaundice on the mucous membranes and spotty deposits are observed. Yellowing of subcutaneous tissue and serum - hemorrhagic infiltration. This infiltrate also forms in the intermuscular tissue. The lymph nodes are enlarged and in a state of hyperemia. Granular protein-fatty degeneration is observed in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Serum accumulates in membranes, mucous membranes, layers, under the membranes of organs, in the epicardium and endocardium. The spleen is enlarged due to polygamy, sometimes with limited infarction. Hepatic congestion in the liver. The kidneys are also hyperemic, with hemorrhages in the cortex. Acute or chronic catarrhal gastritis, enteritis. Increased heart volume, endocardial hemorrhage. Hemorrhage is observed in the lung parenchyma and under the pleura. Hyperemia of the brain, sometimes with minor hemorrhages. In the acute phase, parenchymatosis is characterized by dystrophic changes in organs and muscles. In chronic cases, jaundice, cellular tissue of the skin in the mucous and serum layers, and dystrophy of skeletal and cardiac muscles are observed. The spleen is in a state of hyperplasia. The liver is enlarged, has a hard structure, and is nutmeg in color. In the latent course of the disease, myocardial sclerosis, pigment spots on the intestinal serum, renal cortex, liver, epicardium, traces of old hemorrhage. Lung hyperemia, serum hemorrhagic tumors and parenchymal deposits. Microscopic changes. At the onset of the disease, along with a state of stagnation, edema and proliferation of endothelial cells of the sinusoidal capillaries develop. Interstitial connective tissue has the appearance of a serum tumor and consists of many cellular elements (lymphoid cells, histiocytes). The parenchyma of the organ is granular, sometimes with fatty degeneration. Necrosis of some groups of hepatocytes is characteristic. Later, the number of proliferating cells in the interstitial connective tissue increases. In the cytoplasm of histocytes, the pigment hemosiderin accumulates in granular form. Focal necrosis develops in the liver parenchyma. Brownish-yellow granular spotted pigment: Hemosiderin is present both inside and outside the cell. The set of cells is also shown in blue.