Animal anatomy, histology, pathological anatomy

Purpose of the lesson: Study of microscopic and macroscopic appearance. 1. Working pieces of pathological material will be cut from the kidneys and skeletal muscles. 2. The particles are washed and dehydrated in an alcohol battery. 3. Paraffin blocks are made. 4. Paint normal cuts.5. Sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. 6. Macroscopic changes are studied using museum preparations.

Lesson content. Toxic dystrophy is a non-infectious disease that affects all animal species. The disease is caused by the intake of various toxins from food. Characteristic changes develop in the liver. Fatty and protein degenerations develop in liver cells. Liver atrophy, hyperemia, hemosiderosis and hemorrhage also develop. When a histological section of a damaged liver is stained with water-III under a microscope, we see that the fragments, especially the centers, are severely damaged and the obstructions are disturbed.
In some areas around the central vein, the parenchyma cells are filled with fat droplets, and as a result, the cells swell to an unknown extent. The fat is reddish.
Hematoxylin-eosin staining causes parenchyma cells to grow and become deformed as a result of fat dissolution. The kernels are blue-violet. The nuclei of some cells are fused, in a state of karyolysis. In the process, necrotic cells appear, which in their place are formed by cell debris. Later, connective tissue develops in these areas, especially in the center of the septum. The arteries are filled with blood and dilated. There are hemorrhages in places.
Chronic hepatotoxic dystrophy is extremely rare. This may include an increase in the number of reticular fibers and their expansion, proliferation of connective tissue and absorption by lymphoid cells, hypertrophy and regeneration of peripheral parenchymal cells and bile duct epithelial tissue. These processes are especially pronounced in areas of liver cell necrosis.
The liver is smooth, the lobes are irregular, the cells are different. This liver condition is cirrhosis of the liver, which develops after toxic degeneration. Glycogen is lost from the liver.
Macroscopic view. The liver is usually enlarged and pale yellow in the early stages of fattening. As necrosis begins, the liver shrinks, becomes more wasted, and the cerebral cortex becomes uneven. During a blood transfusion, the liver changes color and red spots and spots appear. At the end of the process, the color of the liver changes dramatically, that is, the liver becomes red, yellow, dark red and fuzzy. (fatty or granular degeneration).