Animal anatomy, histology, pathological anatomy

Subject:Theileriosis and Fascioliasis

Objectives of the topic: To train students in the macroscopic and microscopic manifestations of theileriosis Visual equipment and instruments: Organ, microtome, block window box, hematoksilin, eosin. Alcohol, xylene, paraffin, microscopy, histological preparation and museum preparations

Purpose of the lesson: Study of microscopic and macroscopic appearance. 1. Working pieces of pathological material will be cut from the kidneys and skeletal muscles. 2. The particles are washed and dehydrated in an alcohol battery. 3. Paraffin blocks are made. 4. Paint normal cuts. 5. Sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. 6. Macroscopic changes are studied using museum preparations.

Lesson content. Morphological changes in tayloriasis are varied and typical. Hemorrhagic diathesis develops. Hemorrhage occurs in many organs and tissues. It is formed in the lymph nodes, mucous membranes and parenchymal organs. Lymph nodes are injured. They increase in size, bleed, and are dark red. The liver is enlarged, pale yellow, usually septic. The mucous membrane of the larynx is always injured. Initially, it forms a needle-shaped bright red nodule, which gradually deepens in the center, and instead of a nodule, round or star-shaped formations (2-10 mm in diameter) are formed. The bottom of the wound is bright red, the edges are uneven. Then they turn yellow, white, and the edges droop. When the bacteria disappear, the ulcers deepen, merge and turn into diphtheria. The above nodules can form in 39% of the intestines, 28% of the gallbladder, 18% of the throat, 23% of the larynx and 31% of the bladder. But these organs do not form wounds. Later, the nodules turn white, wrinkle and disappear. Of the internal organs, 56% are in the kidneys, 45% in the liver, 15% in skeletal muscles and 10% in the skin. At the second stage, the mucous membranes and serum turn yellow.
In the third stage, weight loss and anemia usually develop. Hemorrhagic diathesis occurs in a mild form. Chronic splenium, lymphadenitis, hepatitis and nephritis develop in the internal organs.
Diagnostics. It is based on characteristic clinical signs, pathological changes and time of year. Examination of an ointment prepared from peripheral blood reveals the presence of hematocytes in red blood cells and pomegranate bodies in the fluid (punctate) from the lymph nodes.Topic: Hemorrhage in the lungs and kidneys - 2 hours.Objectives of the topic: To train students in macroscopic and microscopic manifestations of hemorrhage using the example of the lungs and kidneys. Visual equipment and instruments: Organ, microtome, block window box, hematoksilin, eosin. Alcohol, xylene, paraffin, microscopy, histological specimen No. 62 and museum preparations Purpose of the lesson: Study of microscopic and macroscopic appearance. 1. Working pieces of pathological material will be cut from the kidneys and skeletal muscles. 2. The particles are washed and dehydrated in an alcohol battery. 3. Paraffin blocks are made. 4. Paint normal cuts. 5. Sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. 6. Macroscopic changes are studied using museum preparations. Lesson content: In case of hemorrhages, it is believed that red blood cells and other figurative elements of the blood come out of the vascular wall; where blood accumulates in tissues and natural cavities. There are 3 types of bleeding. 1. Hemorrhage due to rupture of the vascular wall (regexin) (during injection, scratches). 2. Hemorrhage (trans. diapedesin) as a result of an imperceptible violation of the integrity of the vascular wall (poisoning, infectious diseases, inflammation, congestive hyperemia). 3. Hemorrhage due to decomposition (trans.diarosine), (with wound and inflammatory processes, tumors, tuberculosis, mango disease). Microscopic view. In a small mirror we see that the blood vessels of the interstitial connective tissue in the renal Malpighian sac are filled with blood. Clusters of red blood cells appear. In a large mirror we see that the curved tubules of the kidneys are narrowed and separated from each other. Epithelial cells are affected by granular dystrophy, some develop necrobiosis, and as a result the ductal path is not preserved. There is no boundary between cells, and the cell nuclei appear expanded (pyknosis) or dissolved (lysis). These changes occur where there is bleeding. Macroscopic view. Kidney bleeding is mainly associated with poisoning and some infectious diseases. Bleeding