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particular hypothesis; thus there can be only one prediction
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6404f97bd5c2c-teacher-education-in-physics
particular hypothesis; thus there can be only one prediction for a particular experiment based on the hypothesis under test. These words are used interchangeably in the discourse and even in textbooks. In their course textbook, the students read: “Eratosthenes predicted the size of Earth.” However, his calculation was not a prediction, but a “quantitative hy- pothesis” that needed further testing. Discussions of these subtle differences help preservice teachers later construct their own lessons and design laboratory investigations 共for example they ask their students to state which hypothesis they are using to make a prediction for the outcome of a particular experiment 兲. Part 2: Individual out-of-class work. The second part of the course involves student work with the text “Physics, the Human Adventure” 关 49 兴 and original writings of the scien- tists 关 50 兴. Each week after a class meeting, students write a report in which they need to describe experimental evidence and the elements of inductive, analogical, and hypotheticod- eductive reasoning that contributed to the development of a major “idea” of physics or chemistry using their class notes, the book material, and the original writings. Students need to reconceptualize the material in the book and in the original writings of the scientists in order to identify elements of scientific reasoning: for example, to separate observations from explanations, explanations from predictions, etc. A stu- dent sends this report to the course instructor via e-mail, the instructor reads it and provides feedback to the student, who then revises the report based on the feedback. In addition to writing weekly reports related to the material in class read- ings, students submit a “Popular science report” once a month. They need to find an article in the Science section of the New York Times about some recent development in sci- ence 共not necessarily physics兲 and annotate it by identifying the elements of scientific reasoning such as original observa- tions, a question that developed from these observations, proposed hypotheses, testing experiments, applications, etc. PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE AND PREPARATION … PHYS. REV. ST PHYS. EDUC. RES. 6, 020110 共2010兲 020110-11 Teacher Education in Physics 113 |
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