Article in Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society a mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · January 004 doi: 10. 1098/rsta. 2003
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Phil.Trans.
4. Optical parametric process
Nonlinear optical processes can take a variety forms. The most important processes in the context of frequency conversion include second harmonic generation, sum- and difference-frequency mixing, and optical parametric generation. ‡ For light emission over extended spectral bands, optical parametric generation is the key process of interest (Kingston 1962; Kroll 1962; Akhmanov & Khokhlov 1963). It corresponds to the most fundamental nonlinear effect where, in the classical picture, a single optical pump wave is converted to a broad range of new waves at lower frequencies (Dunn & Ebrahimzadeh 1999), as in figure 3. In the photon picture, the process is equivalent to the spontaneous break-up of high-energy pump photons into two constituents of lower energy (termed signal and idler ), subject to the conservation of energy— since energy must be conserved, the sum of energies of the constituent photons must † Mathematically, this frequency range can be represented by the Fourier components of the frequency of the input optical wave. In a centrosymmetric material, only selected frequencies (odd harmonics) of the input wave are generated through dipole oscillations, whereas in a non-centrosymmetric material all frequency harmonics (odd and even) are emitted. ‡ For these second-order processes (and other ‘even-order’ processes), only non-centrosymmetric materials can be used. For third-order processes such as third-harmonic generation and four-wave mix- ing (and other ‘odd-order’ processes), centrosymmetric as well as non-centrosymmetric materials may be used. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A (2003) 03TA2008/6 M. Ebrahimzadeh _ + etc. strong pump parametric waves ( 1 , 1 ) ν λ ( 2 , 2 ) ν λ ( 3 , 3 ) ν λ ( 4 , 4 ) ν λ ( p , p ) ν λ Figure 3. ( a) The simple classical picture of the optical parametric generation process. The strong dipole oscillations induced by an intense optical pump source (a laser) at frequency ν p (wavelength λ p ) result in the generation of new optical waves at lower frequencies ν m (less than ν p ), and hence longer wavelengths λ m (greater than λ p ), where m = 1, 2, 3, . . . (m is an integer). equal the pump photon energy. Given the large number of pump photons, there are statistically an infinite number of ways in which the break-up can occur, so that an infinite range of signal and idler pairs, satisfying energy conservation, will be emitted during the process. In principle, all such frequency pairs can potentially be amplified to macroscopic levels. The question is which particular pair will be amplified and how is this obtained in practice? Download 377.19 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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