Associated professor Alimova M. Kh

Lexical typology deals with the units of lexical level. It studies interlingual paradigms of words, inter-lingual invariance of meanings expressed by words and phrases. Some linguists combine lexical and semantic typologies. Lexical typology must be studied as an independent branch of linguistic typology, because it deals with lexical units, while semantic typology concerns every level of language hierarchy.

Lexical typology consists of

a) lexical typology of words;

b) word-building typology;

c) comparative lexicology;

d) lexic-stylistic typology;

e) lexical typology of borrowings;

f) lexical typology of phraseology;

g) lexical typology of proverbs and sayings and many others.

Each section has its own methods and tasks of investigation. Lexical typology is less studied than other branches of linguistic typology.

Nevertheless, we can differentiate the main questions, which study the lexical typology.

• They are

1) definition of its subject matter and aim;

2) definition of its role in linguistic typology;

3) establishment of the main principles of lexical universals;

4) definition of the word structure of the languages and so on.

There are two types of typologies according to two plans of the language: formal and semantic.

• Formal typology studies the units of the expression plan. It is connected with all levels of language hierarchy. Formal typology studies the periods of the appearance and transformation of information from generation to generation.
• According to its diachronic development the history of the formal typology consists of four periods:
• The period before the appearance of the writing system. The information was rendered orally.
• The establishment of the first letters. During this period the information was rendered by the first letters written on the stones, trees and different objects. During this period the information was not widely spread.

• The third period is characterized as a period of establishing the publishing system of printing system. In this period the information became widely spread.
• The fourth period concerns our days, when the information is rendered by letters,mobile telephone, TV, radio, e-mail, internet and by other formal ways. During this period information is prepared by special automatic system. Machines help the people to prepare the information. Formal typology concerns all the levels of language hierarchy.