Associated professor Alimova M. Kh

Genetic typology may be of two types: 1) genetic diachronic; 2) genetic synchronic.

Diachronic approach deals with the comparison of genetically related languages within the definite period of time or in the course of its development. For example, it can compare the development of morphological categories of the noun in English and in German starting with the ancient period up to nowadays.

Genetic synchronic typology deals with the comparison of genetically related languages within a certain synchronic period.

Genetic typology started in the 20th century when historical-comparative linguistics appeared and developed. We can mention such scholars as brothers Grimm Jacob, August Schleicher, Rasmus Rask, Franz Bopp. They dealt with the reconstruction of languages and discovered laws and regularities for many Indo-European languages.

Areal typology.

This branch of linguistic typology deals with geographically limited number of languages. As a branch of linguistic typology it is characterized by:

1. Indifference to system closeness

2. Indifference to genetic closeness

3. Identity of etic units; possibility of identity of emic units

4. Possibility of deep and surface identity

5. One level approach to comparison

6. The limitation of etalon language by certain linguistic phenomenon, which is common to compared languages.

To the basic tasks of areal typology we can refer study of dialects, compiling dialectal dictionaries, maps, study the degree of certain linguistic phenomenon, borrowings, neologisms, archaisms and so on.

Comparative typology is characterized by:

	Indifference to system closeness.
	Indifference to the genetic closeness
	Areal non-limitation of languages
	Possibility of deep and surface identity
	Indifference to etic-emic identity
	Minimal etalon language
	Cross- level approach to comparison
	Content approach to comparison
	Possibility of perfectness of typological operations

Comparative typology is one of the independent branches of linguistic typology. It deals with limited number of languages and also defines typological similarities and distinctions in the strucures of languages belonging to different genetic groups.