Avvalo birinchi grammatik qoidalarni undan so’ng qiladigan xatolarni ko’rib chiqing bu sizni kelasida qilinadigan har qanday xatolardan saqlab qoladi. Uni tugatib test yechish sirlarini yaxshilab o’rganib chiqing

Izoh
: Last year va in the last year umuman ikki xil ma’no beradi. “Last year” so’zi o’tgan yil ya’ni hozirdan oldingi yilni
bildiradi. Va aniq vaqt hisoblangani sababli last year so’zi o’tgan zamonda ishlatiladi… “In the last year” so’zi 365
kunda beri degan ma’no beradi ya’ni 365 kun ilgaridan hozirgacha degan ma’ni beradi va aniq vaqt hisoblanmaydi shu
uchun Hozirgi tugallangan zamonda ishlatiladi.

Eslatma : for + all… (all day/all my life…) holida ishlatmaymiz
I’ve lived here all my life. (not for all my life)

For	Since
Vaqt davri (miqdori)	Boshlanish nuqtasi

X---------------

20 minutes	6.15pm
a long time	Monday
6 months	January

6. 
   Present Perfect ko‘pincha quyidagi ravishlar bilan ishlatiladi: ever biror vaqt, never hech qachon, already allaqachon, yet hali, allaqachon, lately yaqinda, just hozirgina, so far haligacha, up to now – hozirgacha
   

 I have never read that book.- Men u kitobni hech qachon o‘qiganim yo‘q.  He hasn’t finished his work yet.- U hali ishini tugatgan emas. 7. Been yoki Gone
Biz Been to’liq tugatilgan sayohatlar uchun ishlatamiz.Agar siz biror joyga borsangiz va keyin qaytsangiz buyerda Been ishlatasiz. Agar biror joyga borib uyga qaytmagan bo’lsangiz Gone ishlatasiz.

• 
  She's been to India – U Hindistonda bo’lgan.
  
• 
  She's gone to Moscow, she will be back next week.- U Moskvaga ketdi, u kelasi hafta qaytib keladi.
  

8. Yana biz it’s the (first,second, third) time iborasi bilan ham ishlatamiz

• 
  it’s the second time he has phoned her– Bu ikkinchi marta qo’ng’iroq qilishi
  

Present Perfect or Past Simple?
Nega buni o’rganyabmiz deysizmi etibor bersangiz bu ikkita zamon bir biriga juda o’xshash ya’ni o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lgan ish xarakat haqida gap ketadi. Tarjimasi ham bir-xil o’zbekchga di qo’shimchasiga to’g’ri keladi. Faqat berladigan ma’lumotga qay tomondan yondashishdan biroz farq qiladi.

• 
  He has lost his key  He lost his key
  

Izoh: Tepadagi ikkita gapda ham bir xil ish xaqida ya’ni kalit yo’qolishi haqida ketyabdi ammo bu ikkita zamon bizga umuman boshqa manolarni beradi keling unda birichi misolni Present Perfectni ko’rib chiqamiz
I have lost my key
Bu gap bizga mening kalitini yo’qotganimni va hozir menda kalit yo’qligini bildiradi. Present Perfect doim bizga hozir haqida gapiradi va aytilgan ishning natijasi hozir bilan bog’liq bo’ladi. Muximi Present Perfect hozir haqida bizga aytadi hozir bilan bog’liqlik uzildi unda bu Present Perfect hisoblanadi…
I lost my key
Bu misolda esa faqat bizga mening kalit yo’qotganim malum hozir u kalitni topganmi yo’qmi bunisi nomalum. O’tgan zamon faqat ish harakatni o’zni aytadi uning natijasi esa malum bo’lmaydi.
Perfectda_qanaqa_Past_simple_qanaqa_ma’no_berayotganiga_e’tibor_bering_va_daftaringizga_yozing'>Misollarga e’tibor bering va ularni Present Perfectda qanaqa Past simple qanaqa ma’no berayotganiga e’tibor bering va daftaringizga yozing
They’ve gone away. They’ll be back on Friday. (they are away now)
They went away, but I think they’re back at home now. (not They’ve gone away)
It has stopped raining now, so we don’t need the umbrella. (it isn’t raining now)
It stopped raining for a while, but now it’s raining again. (not It has stopped)

• 
  Qachonki biz Present Perfectni holatlar uchun ishlatsak, bunda holat yakunlanmagan bo’ladi yakunlansa unda Past Simple ishlatamiz
  

1. 
   I've had these skis for years.
   
2. 
   I had those skis for years.
   

Izoh: Birinchi misolda qarasak bunda menda chang’i bir necha yildan beri borligini va hozir ham menda borligini bildiradi. Ikkinchi misolda esa bir necha yillar menda bo’lganini hozir esa menda yo’qligini bildiradi…

• 
  Biz takrorlanuvchi ish harakatlar uchun Perfectni ishlatsak bu o’sha ish harakat takrorlanishi mumkunligini bildiradi.
  

O’tgan zamonda esa bu turdagi ishlar tugagani va yana takrorlanmasligini bildiradi
 Munisa Rizayeva has acted in more than fifty films.
 Munisa Rizayeva acted in more than fifty films.
Birichi misolda Munisa 5 filmda o’ynagani va hali karerasini yakunlamagani bildiradi va u yana boshqa filmlarda o’ynashi mumkun. Ikkinchi misolda esa Munisa boshqa filmlarda o’ynamasligi u o’lgan yoki karerasni yakunlagani bildiradi..

• 
  Biz biror yangi malumotni Perfectda beramiz va malumot berishda davom etsa Past simple foydalanamiz Pastdagi misolda ham malumot Present Perfectda berilmoqda va malumotni detallari Past Simple berilmoqda.
  

 There has been a serious accident on the M5. It happened at ten o'clock this morning near Preston when a lorry went out of control and collided with a car..

•