Avvalo birinchi grammatik qoidalarni undan so’ng qiladigan xatolarni ko’rib chiqing bu sizni kelasida qilinadigan har qanday xatolardan saqlab qoladi. Uni tugatib test yechish sirlarini yaxshilab o’rganib chiqing


Subject Auxiliary verb


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Subject


Auxiliary verb


Main verb



Positive
Negative
Question

I




went




to school

You




worked




very hard

She


did

not

go




with me.

We


did

not

work




yesterday

Did


They


go




to party?

Did


He


work




at home

E’tibor bering: To be(am/is/are) ning o’tgan zamoni was/were orqali yasaladi.


Subject

Main verb



Positive

I, he, she , it

was


here

You , they, we

were

in Tashkent

Negative

I, he, she , it

was

not

there

You , they, we

were

not

happy

Question

Was

I, he, she , it


right?

Were

you , they, we

late?





Past simple ishlatilishi


  • Past simple(oddiy o’tgan zamoni) biz o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatlarni aytish uchun ishlatamiz. Bu zamon o’tgan zamondagi voqealarni hikoya qilishda ishlatiladi. O’zbek tilida di.. qo’shimchasiga to’ri keladi. Ishladi, o’ynadi, kelmadi, yugirdim, va hakazo

  • Daniel broke a window last night. – Daniel o’tgan tun oynani sindirdi

  • O’tgan zamondagi tugagan vaqtlar bilan ishlatamiz: yesterday, last weak, in 1995, ago

  • I saw Abror yesterday morning- Men Abrorni kecha tongda kordim.

  • Past Simple da ba’zida ish-harakat sodir bo’lgan vaqti ko’rsatilmasdan fahmlanishi mumkin


  • Alisher Navoi wrote a lot of works- Alisher Navoiy ko’p asarlar yozgan (buyerda Navoiy o’tgan zamonda yashagani va yozgani o’tgan zamondaligini fahmlash mumkin)

Past Present Future
Chizmada ko’rganizdek V+ed yoki irregular V2 degani hozirdan oldin bo’lgan ish harakatni ifoda etadi

  • O’tgan zamonda ketma ket sodir bo’lgan voqelarni ifodalash uchun.


  • He left the hotel, took a taxi and drove to the theatre - U mehmonxonadan chiqdi, taksi oldi va teatrga jo‘nadi.

  • O’tgan zamonda odatiy takrorlanib turgan ish-harakatlarni ifodalash uchun aytamiz.


  • Last year I often went to the theatre - O‘tgan yil men tez-tez teatrga borib turar edim.

  • While she was in Tashkent, she often called on us every evening - U Toshkentdaligida ko‘pincha har oqshom biznikiga kelib turar edi.







O’tgan zamonda ishlatiladigan payt ravishlari(kalit so’zlar)




ago

last

yesterday

I saw my friend...

  • ten minutes ago

  • an hour ago

  • two days ago

  • a week ago

  • a few months ago

  • two years ago

I saw my friend...

  • last night last week

  • last weekend

  • last month

  • last June

  • last year

  • last Friday

  • last fall/autumn

  • last spring


I saw my friend...

  1. yesterday

  2. yesterday morning

  3. yesterday afternoon

  4. yesterday evening

  5. the day before yesterday

other expressions

  • when

  • in 1995

  • just now

  • then

Used to and Would
Subject+used to verb= Shohsanam used to play tennis every day when she was a child


Subject

Used to



Main verb



Positive

I

used to



smoke

a lot

You

used to



play

the piano

Negative

She

used

not to

swim

Biz used to inkor shaklini 2 xil usulda yasaymiz

We

Did not

use to

swim



Question

Did

they

use to

like

him

Did

you



like



Used to ishlatilishi

    • Biz “used to”ni o’tgan zamondagi narsalar ya’ni o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lgan, lekin hozir o’sha ish-harakatlar tugagan, o’zgargan, yoki oldingidek emas o’tgan zamondagidan boshqacha bo’lgan narsalar uchun ishlatamiz. O’zbek tiliga ar edi… bazan qisqartilib -ardi degan qo’shimchaga to’g’ri keladi.

    • We used to live in Tashkent when I was a kid. – Yoshligimda Toshkentda yashardik( bu yerda yoshligimda Toshkentda yashaganmiz lekin hozir uyerda yashamaymiz)

    • There didn't use to be a supermarket there. – Buyerda supermarket bo’lmas edi ( Hozir lekin supermarket bor ilgari bo’lmagan)

Izoh: E’tibor bergan bo’lsangiz tepadagi ikkita misolda ham o’tgan zamonda nimadur bo’lgan lekin hozir u umuman o’zgargan boshqacha oldingi harakat to’xtagan. Masalan yoshlikda Toshkentda yashagan hozir esa umuman Toshkentda yashamayabdi. Yoki ikkinchi misolni qarang: Buyerda supermarket bo’lmas edi. Oldin buyerda supermarket bo’magan hozir esa bor. Used to ishlatdizmi o’tgan zamondagi nimadur hozir o’zgargan oldingidek bo’maydi o’tgan zamondagidan boshqacha bo’ladi.

    • O’tgan zamondagi odatlar(takrorlanuvchi) haqida gapirsak, lekin hozir u odatlar umuman bajarilmaydi sodir bo’lmaydi to’xtagan odatlar uchun ishlatamiz. Ya’ni o’tgan zamonda biror ishni muntazam qib keganmiz va hoz u odatni tashagan bo’lsak ishlatamiz.

  1. She used to smoke but she gave up a few years ago.- U chekardi ammo U 5 yil oldin chekishni tashladi(Oldin chakardi lekin tashlagan u odat to’xtagan)

  2. I used to go swimming every Thursday - Men har payshanba suzishga borardim(Lekin hozir bormiman u odatim to’xtagan)

    • Biz used to va would farqsiz o’tgan zamondagi ish-harakatlar uchun ishlatamiz

    • They used to eat out on Sundays

    • They would eat out on Sundays

Ikkalasni bitta farqi bor would holat fe’llari bilan ishlatilmaydi(state verbs)

    • They used to live in Tashkent (Not: they would live in Tashkent)

    • I used to have a pet dog(not I would have a pet dog

Izoh: Azizlar sizlarni testda aynan shu narsa bilan yiqitishadi ikkala variantni ham berib qo’yadi used to va would shunda ko’pchilik xato qiladi yoki sarosimaga tushib qoladi. Ikkala variant ham to’g’ri qaysni olsam ekan deb lekin e’tbor berasiz fe’l holat fe’limi agar holat fe’li bo’lsa would xato bo’ladi.
Used to boshqa ma’nolari

    • Be used to + noun/pronoun/ing form= biror narsaga ko’nikishni, odatlanishni bildiradi bunda biror narsa siz uchun yangi yoki notanish bo’lmaydi siz o’sha narsaga ko’nikib odatlanib bo’lgan bo’lasiz.


    • She's used to the city now and doesn't get lost any more.- U shaharga ko’nikib qolgan va u ortiq adashib

qolmaydi(ilgari adashgan bo'lshi mumkin lekin hozir u shaharga ancha ko’nikib qolgan va hozir adashmaydi)

    • I'm a teacher so I am used to speaking in public. –Men o’qtivchiman shu sababli omma olida gaprishga odatlanganman(Bu men uchun yanglikmas men o’rganganman odatlanib qolganman. Boshida qiyin bogan ammo lekin hozir qiyinmas uji o’rganib qolganman)

    • Get used to + noun/pronoun/ing form = Biror kishini yangi narsaga ko’nikayotgani aytishda ishalatamiz. Bunda hali ko’nikib ulgurmagan, ko’nikayotgan bo’ladi va ko’nikish jarayonida bo’ladi. Agar siz I am getting used to ishlatsaiz men ko’nikyabman degan mano kelib chiqadi.

I'm getting used to the noise now. I found it really stressful when I first moved in- Men hozir shovqinga ko’nikyabman. Men birinchi marta ko'chib kelganimda, bu juda og'ir edi.( hozir ko’nikish jarayonidaman to’liq ko’nikmadim, yangi joyga ko’chganman va shovqin menga yangi va men bunga ko’nikyabman) Be used to yoki get used to?
Agar siz “be used to “ ishlatsangiz biror narsaga o’rganib ko’nikganizni bildiradi va u narsa siz uchun yangi emas
Agar siz “get used to” ishlatsangiz biror narsaga holi o’rganmaganizni va o’rganyotganizni bildiradi
Ko’p qilnadigan xatolar:
I am used to live Bu xato biz hech qachon am used to dan kegin infinitive ishlatmaymiz. (faqat use fe’li majhul nisbatda o’z manosida kelganda bundan mustasno. The pen is used to draw - Qalam chizish uchun ishlatiladi) to be used to buyerda to preposition bo’lib kelyabdi va undan kegin gerund(ing form) keladi I am used to living to’gri

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