Azizdzhan fazilovich babadjanov

Main aquifers and complexes. Quaternary aquifer, groundwater, confined to Quaternary deposits, is distributed within both the alluvial plain of the Kashkadarya River and the proluvial plain . The general direction of the ground flow is southwest. The depth of the groundwater level within the proluvial plain is not the same in different areas and varies from 3 to 20 m. A shallow groundwater level is observed near large irrigation canals (3–5 m). With the distance from the surface watercourse, the depth of these waters gradually increases and in the area of the Karshi railway station in the south and on the southern slope of Kungurtau, in the north of the region it reaches about 15–20 m or more. In the feeding of groundwater in the proluvial deposits, the main role is played by atmospheric precipitation, temporary watercourses and underground inflow coming from the foothills of the Zarafshan and Gissar ranges [23; 472-p.]. Mineralization of groundwater in proluvium is varied and varies from 1.7 to 30 g/l and more. The increased mineralization of groundwater in that part is mainly due to the presence of deposits of the Karnab complex and underground inflow coming from the foothills of the Gissar Range [23; 472-p.].
Groundwater, confined to modern deposits of the Kashkadarya river valley, is opened by numerous wells and wells within the I and II above- floodplain terraces of the Kashkadarya river. Water-bearing rocks within the alluvial valley are sands, gravel with the inclusion of small pebbles and sandy loam, which are interbedded with thin layers (0.20–0.50 m) of loams and clays. The thickness of the aquifer on the alluvial plain averages 30–35 m. Within the first floodplain terrace and near large irrigation canals and irrigation ditches, groundwater breaks up at a depth of 5–15 m. With distance from the river and irrigation canals, the depth of groundwater gradually decreases. and on terrace II above the floodplain it reaches 3–5 m, more rarely 5–6 m. The main sources of groundwater formation are filtration of river and irrigation waters, underground inflow from the side of the mountain frame. The direction of groundwater flow is from the north and southeast to the southwest and northwest to the axial part of the intermountain basin. The Kashkadarya River is a natural groundwater drain.
The groundwater regime of the Kashkadarya hydrogeological region is formed under the influence of natural and technogenic factors. In the groundwater supply of the alluvial plain, the main role is played by the surface runoff of the Kashkadarya River, as well as the underflow flow of groundwater moving directly along the river valley. There is a great diversity in the mineralization of groundwater. Groundwater with a mineralization value of up to 1.0 g/l is distributed along the riverbed of the Kashkadarya River and irrigation canals of Beshkent, Pulaty, and to the east of the village of Kata-Kul they are absent, with the exception of a small lens in the area of the village of Hilal, which has a periodic character. In the rest of the area of alluvial deposits, mineralized waters are common with a dense residue of 1.5–10 g/l or more.