Azizdzhan fazilovich babadjanov

Conclusions on the second chapter

Many years of experience in the use of irrigated lands in the Kashkadarya region indicates that the development of negative soil processes associated with the depth of occurrence and the salt composition of groundwater, although it has been proven, is not so great as to speak of widespread deep soil changes under the influence of irrigation. Nevertheless, the studies performed show the need for local monitoring of groundwater on irrigated lands.
The natural and climatic factors of the study area are considered. Determined that the average annual air temperature is positive, ranging from +16.1° to +17.0°С, the annual amount of precipitation increases from 100–200 mm (at the Mubarek metro station) to 200–300 mm (at Karshi) and up to 300–600 mm (Kitabo-Shakhrisabz depression, Chirakchi and Shakhrisabz metro stations) from west to east, as the absolute mark increases. Most of the precipitation falls in the form of rain; snowfalls are relatively rare. The snow cover is unstable: it usually lasts for several days. It is substantiated that the climate of the described region belongs to the continental steppe, is distinguished by a small amount of precipitation, long hot summers, short but relatively cold winters, and low air humidity.
It is shown that one of the hydrogeological factors contributing to the formation and development of the flooding process are water-bearing rocks of groundwater aquifers. It was revealed that they are represented by loess loams and sandy loams, inequigranular sands with the inclusion of fine gravel. Groundwater occurs at a depth of 0.5–3.0 m or more, the groundwater flow is directed from northeast to southwest and west with a slight slope (0.0012–0.0018), saline waters with a total mineralization of 2 .14 to 6.39 g/l. The flow of groundwater is formed mainly due to the infiltration of technogenic waters from irrigated fields and irrigation waters, as well as inflow from outside. Unloading occurs mainly due to evaporation and transpiration of plants.
Based on the analysis of hydrogeological, engineering-geological surveys and regime observations, it was established that the groundwater level has been intensively rising since 1979. The average annual level rise is 0.25–0.6 m. This indicates that the drainage system of the studied area does not meet modern requirements. In general, the elevated position of the groundwater level is associated with the integrated irrigation development of land and the leakage of the total volume of water supplied for water supply for drinking and technical needs.

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