Based pronunciation standards of English

22) Territorial Varieties of English pronunciation. The orthoepic norm. The national language of England. Literary English. RP and GA.
Natural English has 2 material forms : written and spoken. The written form of a natural language is usually is standard which is generally accepted and it is the same throughout the country. But spoken form is not so uniform, it may vary from locality to locality and such forms of a language are called dialects and they may differ in grammar,vocabulary,pronunciation. The branch which deals with differences in pronunciation is called dialectology. All the natural varieties have very much in common. Standard pronunciation – is the one that carries orthoepic norm. It is neutral. It is pronunciation of educated circles and is used by radio/tv. Thanks to economic,political,social factors one of the dialects becomes orthoepic norm. Others are substandard and illiteral within a standard pronunciation. There are also may be variants considered as equal and standard. London became a centre of commerce, industry,learning in the 14^th cent. So London dialect is the basis of the national language of England. The literary form was developed. English people consider literary English to be a superior to other forms of English.The literary pronunciation is considered to be more beautiful , more correct than dialectal pronunciation.
National language (by Shweitzer) – historical category evolving from conditions of economic and political concentration. National pronunciation standard - socially accepted variety of a language established by a codified form of correctness. Today all the English-speaking nations have their own national variants of pronunciation. Each of them has peculiar features that distinguish it from other varieties of English. National standards are not fixed. They undergo constant changes due to internal and external factors. National variants of English differ in sound,stress,intonation. There are countries with more than 1 language (Canada – French and Eng). Here we speak about bilingualism in contrast to monoloingualism. As for USA- national standard is General American – it’s social standard,is spoken by educated Americans,used on radio/tv. For the Australian Eng – Educated Australian.