Basic level: This level is for a period of nine years and it comprises of Primary Education and Junior Secondary Education. Post basic level

Research Hypotheses

The following null hypotheses are formulated to further guide the study:

H_01: There is no significant relationship between level of primary 5 grades’ reading skills and academic achievement

_H02 There is no significant relationship between classroom instructions using Hausa language (L1) and pupils’ academic achievement in the primary 5 grades schools in Sokoto state.

H_03: There is no significant relationship between classroom instructions using English language (L2) and pupils’ academic achievement in the primary 5 grades schools in Sokoto state