Basic level: This level is for a period of nine years and it comprises of Primary Education and Junior Secondary Education. Post basic level

One the language of Instruction

Colonial masters used varieties of methods and strategies to teach in Nigerian schools but the main aims and objectives of their education was not for learning for sustainable development and critical thinking among the school children. They neglected the indigenous languages they met. The entire system of education was used as an instrument of conquest and domination, (Tsiga, p 155. 2020). Main while, research studies have shown the use of native language show more promising academic success in children then the second language particularly with respect children’s’ reading achievement, (Lodriguez, L.K. 2017)

Second language learning many a complex activity, hence, linguists are concerned with the characteristics of the differences and similarities between the L1 and L2 as well as the linguistic competence and ability of the speaker at the various stages of learning the L2. Many scholars are of the opinion that the more similarities that can be identified between the two languages, the easier the learning process could be. On the other hand, the differences between two languages result into difficulties when learning the second language (L2). Whatever the case, the child's first language (LI) has some effects on the learning of a second language (L2), (Lodriguez, L.K. 2017)

But in some studies the authors found that it is globally more common for children to learn in languages other than their first language for some part of their formal education. The size of multilingual populations, particularly among school-going children, justifies the attention the scientific community pays to these issues. It cannot be assumed that a child's learning process for a second language will be the same as for their first language. Similarly, multilingualism is likely to be more complex than the development of the same skills through the same processes for multiple languages (Cook, 2007).

Research results such as Saville-Troike and Barto (2006), Sinha & colleagues (2010), Karimi (2015) and Tafaghodtari (2010), have confirmed that, first language acquisition is a natural and flexible process that requires less effort than learning a second language.