Beginner level

Ayrim so’zlar birlikdayam ko’plikdayam bir hil ishlatiladi.

Deer fish series sheep species aircraft/craft

I have got two fish.

11. 
    Grek va lotin tilidan kirib kelgan so‘zlarning ko‘pligi quyidagi cha yasaladi:
    

datum [deitam]	berilgan kattalik	data [deita]
memorandum [mema’randam]	Memorandum	Memoranda [mema`randa]
phenomenon [fi ’nominan]	ko‘rinish	phenomina [fi nomina]
basis [beisis]	asos	bases [beisi:z]
crises [kraisis]	inqiroz	crises [kraisi:z]

Pluralize the Principal Word

When the words in a compound noun are joined by hyphens (e.g., Forget-me-not, brother-in-law) or when the words are separated by spaces (e.g., dry dock, Knight Templar, Lord Lieutenant), the compound noun will usually form its plural by adding s to the principal word in the compound. When the compound noun is a single word (e.g., banknote, letterhead), the plural is formed using the usual rules for forming a plural, which, more often than not, is adding s to the end. 

Examples (principal word in bold):

• 
  He now has two mothers-in-law. 
  

(plural of mother-in-law)

• 
  They were visited by the Knights Templar. 
  

(plural of Knight Templar)

• 
  It was a sight to see four lieutenant generals fight it out at the table. 
  

(plural of lieutenant general)

• 
  Jerry had attended over a dozen courts-martial. 
  

(plural of court-martial)
(Also, see the third example below.)
Ajratib yoziladigan qo‘shma otlarning asosiy ma’no beruvchi so‘zi ko‘plikda keladi:

custom-house	Bojxona	custom-houses
man-of-war	harbiy kema	men-of-war
hotel-keeper	mehmonxona xo‘jayini	hotel-keepers
mother-in-law	qaynona	mothers-in-law
passer-by	o‘tkinchi	passers-by

No Principal Word?

When there is no obvious principal word, add s (or es) to the end of the compound.

• 
  Forget-me-nots make a wonderful present. 
  

(plural of forget-me-not)

• 
  Pack two toothbrushes. 
  

(plural of toothbrush)

• 
  Jerry had attended over a dozen court-martials. 
  

(There is ambiguity about the principal word in court-martial. Both courts-martial and court-martials are acceptable due to common usage of both terms.)

LESSON 7

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Countable and Non-countable Nouns

A countable noun is a noun with both a singular and a plural form (e.g., dog/dogs, pie/pies). A non-countable noun is a noun without a plural form (e.g., oxygen, patience).

UNCountable nouns ning miqdorini ko’rsatishda noun+of+unc noun strukturasidan foydalanamiz. Bu yerda kelgan birinchi noun miqdorni ko’rsatuvchi bo’lib u birlikda va ko’plikda bo’lishi mumkin.

A bit of

A cup of

a bottle of

a drop of

a piece of

a sheet of + unc Noun

a pane of

a box of

a grain of

a pinch of

a pack of

Unc nouns bilan a/an ishlatilmaydi ular oldidan some,any much, little, none, this that, those, these, the, his , hers qo’llanadi.

- Two socks of flour are enough for us in a month.

My doctor suggested me to drink two glasses of water in a day.

Nomlari:

1. 
   Suyuqliklar – water, beer, coffee, gin, oil, jam, tea, wine, milk, soup, gasoline, blood …
   
2.