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u - / ʌ / qisqa /a /
nut /n ʌ t/ cup /k ʌ p/ but / b ʌ t/
i - /i/ qisqa /i/
sit/sit/ hit /hit / his/his/
e -/e/ qisqa /e/
men /men/ send/send/ hen /hen /
y- /i/ qisqa /i/
Syd /sid/ system /sistem/
3 -tur bo’g’in.
So’zda unli harfdan keyin “r” kelgan holatdir. Britaniya inliz tilida “r” o’qilmaydi, amerika inliz tilida o’qiladi.
a+r / a: (r) /
car /k a: (r) / art / a: (r)t/ mark /m a: (r) k/
o+ r / ɔ:(r) /
for /f ɔ:(r) / form / ɔ:(r)m/ formal /fɔ:(r)mel/
u+ r / ɜ:( r) /
turn /t ɜ:n/ turnip /t ɜ:nip/ burn /b ɜ:n/
i+ r / ɜ: (r) /
girl /gɜːl/ bird /bɜ:d sir/ sɜ: /
e+ r /ɜ: (r) /
her /hɜ:/ stern/stɜ:n/ fern/fɜ:n /
y+ r / ɜ: (r) /
myrtle /mɜ:tl/
4 -tur bo’g’in.
Bunday bo’g’in turida unli harfdan keyin “re” harf birikmasi keladi.
a+re / eə (r) /
care / keə (r) / dare / deə (r)/ bare / beə (r) /
o+ re / ɔ:(r) /
more /m ɔ:(r) / core /k ɔ:(r)/ sore /sɔ:(r)/
u+ re / juə ( r) /
pure /pjʊə / cure /kjʊə /
e+ re /iə (r) /
here /hiə / mere /miə /
i+ re /aiə (r) /
tire /taiə/ fire/faiə/
y+ re / aiə (r) /
tyre /taiə /
LESSON 3
Diphtongs and pronunciation (intonation)
Ingliz tilida so’zlar ko’ringanidek o’qilmaydi. Ularni to’g’ri talaffuz qilishimizda bizga Trankspritsiya yordam beradi. Transkriptsiya harf emas u tovushdir va u Qavs [ ] belgisi bn ko’rsatiladi lug’atlarimizda.
Harflar ikkiga bulinadi:
CONSONANT Undosh
VOWEL Unli
VOWEL SOUNDS – Unli tovushlar
/ɪ/ «и» pin, English, business /ʌ/ «а» cut, come, mother
/e/ «э» bed, head, bury, exit /ɜ:/ «ў» girl, burn, word, heard
/æ/ «э» cat, bag, apple, black /ɑ:/ «аа» car, art, heart, half
/ə/ «э» the, a, woman, banana /ɔ:/ «оо» or, board, door, small
/ʊ/ «у» look, put, could, cushion /ɪ:/ «ии» sea, bee, people, receive
/ɒ/ «о» clock, what, because /u:/ «уу» too, blue, fruit, fool
DIPHTHONGS –Diftonglar
Diftonglar ikki unli harfni qo’shilgan shakli bulip ularni qo’shib o’qiganimzda bizlarga bitta tovushni beradi
/eɪ/ «эй» take, pay, wait, ballet /ɑʊ/ «оу» round, renown, doubt
/ɑɪ/ «ай» five, sigh, height, buy /ɪə/ «иэ» here, deer, dear, fierce
/ɔɪ/ «ой» noise, boy, lawyer /eə/ «эйе» care, air, mayor, prayer
/əʊ/ «оу» no, road, saw, broken /ʊə/ «уэ» poor, insure, tour, moor
CONSONANT SOUNDS – undosh tovushlar
/θ/ «s» thin, earth, method, both
/ð/ «z» they, father, breathe, with
/ʃ/ «sh» ship,shape, machine
/ʒ/ «ж» measure, vision
/ŋ/ «ng» singer, tongue
/tʃ/ «ch» chair, match, future
/dʒ/ «j» just, general, age, soldier
/j/ «y» yes, Europe, university
SILENT LETTERS
Baz’an ayrim harflar yozilsayam ularni talaffuz qilmaymiz.
А) Boshlang’ich harflar (so’zni boshida keladi)
cz – czar
kn – knock, knee, knight, knife
gn – gnome
pn – pneumonia
ps – psychology, psychiatry
pt – Ptolemy
wr – write, wrong, wring, wrist
wh – who, whose, whole
Б) Ohirida keluvchi
-mb – lamb, climb, thumb
-ng – king, thing, song, wing
-gm – paradigm, diaphragm
-gn – sign, foreign, resign (but signature, resignation)
-mn – condemn, autumn, column
-pt – receipt (but reception)
LESSON 4
Normal Sentence Pattern in English
(Sodda gap) yoki oddiy gap
Ingliz tilida oddiy gap quyidagicha hosil bo’ladi :
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