Biographical encyclopedia
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INDEX note
: The following index contains subjects, plus names of individuals other than those whose biographies are included in the book. The number references are to the numbered biographies and not to the page number. Abacus, 456 Aberration, light, 258 Ablation, 1168 A, B, O blood groups, 973 Abominable snowman, 1432 Abrasive, 863 Absolute magnitude, 1018 Absolute motion, 835, 1064 Absolute rest, 1064 Absolute scale, 652 Absolute temperature, 497 Absolute zero, 244, 343, 561, 625, 652, 726, 843, 936, 1165, 1178 Academia Secretorum Naturae, 150 Academy, 24, 29 Accademia dei Lincei, 150, 163 Accademia del Cimento, 206 Acceleration, 231 Accelerators, particle, 1198, 1241, 1244, 1246, 1324, 1329, 1395, 1475 Accommodation, lens, 173, 402 Acetic acid, 76, 610 Acetone, 190, 989, 1031 Acetylcholine, 1015, 1034 Acetylcoenzyme A, 1221, 1360 Acetylene, 515, 989, 1058 Acetylsalicylic acid, 610 Achilles, 927 Acid-base indicators, 212 Acid-base systems, 1061 Acids, 420, 421 nature of, 1061 organic, 329 Acorn worm, 750 Acoustics, 370, 972 Acquired characteristics, inheritance of, 336, 704, 799, 1214 ACTH, 1382, 1426 Actin, 1167 Actinides, 1372 Actinium, 1026 Action at a distance, 104 Activation, energy of, 894 Activity, 1037 Actomyosin, 1167 Actuarial tables, 481 Adams, John, 333 Addison’s disease, 482 Adenine, 842, 1291, 1406 Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 1331, 1441 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 1221, 1331, 1402, 1441, 1457, 1504 ADP, 1331, 1441 Adrenal cortex, 482, 1105 Adrenal glands, 141, 855, 1105, 1167 Adrenalin, 855, 877 Adrenaline, 807, 855, 998 Adrenal medulla, 877 Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), 1382, 1426
Aerial, radio, 1025 Aeronautical engineering, 1075 Aether, 29 Affinities, chemical, 315 Africa, circumnavigation of, 12, 111 Agar-agar, 767 Agassiz, Lake, 551 Age of Reason, 231, 261, 272, 314, 333, 370, 387
Agglutination, blood, 973 Aggression, 1326 Agnosticism, 659 Agricultural chemistry, 421, 525 Ailerons, 995 Air, 5
compressibility of, 60, 212 liquid, 758, 832, 851, 989 temperature and, 45, 203, 244 Airbrake, 785 Air masses, 1205 Airplane, 711, 713, 1249 invention of, 961, 995 Air pressure, 207 Air pump, 189, 212, 223, 235, 583 Albedo, 299 901
INDEX Albert (Prince, Great Britain), 474, 581, 604, 734
Alchemy, 76, 162, 260 medicine and, 131 origins of, 67 Alcibiades, 21 Alcohol, ethyl, 103, 650, 668 Aldehyde, 668 Alexander I (Tsar, Russia), 450 Alexander I Island, 426 Alexander III the Great (King, Macedon), 29, 31, 33, 34, 67 Alexander VI (Pope), 122, 130 Alexin, 986 Alfonsine Tables, 100, 127, 143 Algae, 675 Algebra, 79 abstract, 472, 481 fundamental theory of, 415 symbols of, 153, 183 Algebraic numbers, 641 Algol, 381, 757 Al-Hakim (Caliph), 85 Alienist, 338 Alizarin, 718, 734, 752 Alkaloids, 437, 454, 1107 Allergies, 137, 809, 1223 Alloys, 854 Alloy steel, 892, 1028 Almagest, 64, 90, 118, 119 Al-Mudadid (Caliph), 80 Alnico, 985 Alp Arslan (Sultan), 87 Alpha Centauri, 284 distance of, 505 Alpha particles, 996, 1146, 1227, 1278 elements and, 1052 neutrons and, 1150 scattering of, 996 Alpha rays, 695, 906, 965, 996 range of, 922 Alpha waves, 1014 Alternating currents, 785, 837, 867, 944 Alternation of generations, 651 Aluminum, 417, 515, 665, 737, 741, 1215, 1227 production of, 603, 925, 933 Aluminum chloride, 741 Aluminum oxide, 863, 933 Aluminum powder, 909 Alundum, 863 AM (amplitude modulation), 1143 Amalthea, 883 Amber, 61, 155 Amoeba, disease and, 997 America, discovery of, 121 American Association for the Advancement of Science, 462 Americium, 1372 Amines, 602 Amino acids, 379, 388, 438, 1074 abiogenic formation of, 1490 breakdown of, 1231 essential, 1114 linkages between, 833 nutritional properties of, 900 protein structure and, 1239 separation of, 1350, 1365, 1379 Ammonia, 312, 346, 735, 812, 1132 formation of, 977, 1028 liquid, 758 masers and, 1400 planetary atmospheres and, 1038, 1290 Ammonium chloride, 76, 490 Ammonium cyanate, 515 Ammonium sulfate, 162 Ampere, 407 Amphioxus, 750 Amplifier, 803 Amplitude modulation (AM), 1143 Amyntas II (King, Macedon), 29 Anabolism, 578 Anaerobic bacteria, 813 Anaerobic glycolysis, 1095 Analogue computer, 1139 Analysis, chemical, 315 Analysis, mathematical, 153 Analysis of variance, 1142
Analytic geometry, 183 Analytic Theory of Heat, 393 Analytic trigonometry, 246 Anaphylaxis, 809 Anatomy, 34, 146, 251 comparative, 148, 396 Andromeda galaxy, 171, 305, 1163, 1209 distance of, 1136 radial motion of, 1038 Andromeda nebula (see Andromeda galaxy)
Androsterone, 1265 Anemia, 208, 1059 pernicious, 482, 1059, 1103, 1154, 1312 Anemometer, 487 Aneroid barometer, 233 Anesthesia, 421, 435, 494, 558, 567, 576, 594, 617 local, 830, 865, 882 Anesthetic, 617 902
INDEX Angiosperms, 403 Angstrom unit, 585 Angular momentum, 111 solar system and, 1053, 1335 Aniline, 604, 734 Aniline purple, 734 Animal photography, 683 Animals, classification of, 213, 336, 396 Animal spirit, 611 Anne (Queen, Great Britain), 231 Anode, 474, 487 Anopheles mosquito, 876 Antarctica, 426, 512, 1129 crossing of, 1432 Antenna, radio, 1025 Anthracene, 752 Anthrax, 642, 767, 870 Antibacterials, 1183 Antibiotics, 874, 1077, 1128, 1213 Antibodies, 809, 813, 1010, 1223 structure of, 1442, 1486 Anticyclone, 636 Antielectrons, 1256, 1280, 1292 Antiferromagnetism, 1285 Antifreeze, 950 Antigens, 809 Antihistamines, 1325 Antiknock compounds, 1132 Antimatter, 1256 Antimony, 82 Antineutrinos, 1292 Antiparticles, 1256 Antiprotons, 1256, 1287, 1329 detection of, 1439
Antisepsis, 607, 642, 672, 830 Antitoxin, diphtheria, 844, 845, 846 Antitoxin, lockjaw, 846 Apes, 761, 1041 Aphasia, 653 Aphids, 291 Appendicitis, 134, 465 Appendix, perforated, 365 Appleton layers, 1158 Aqua regia, 162 Aqueducts, 62 Arabic numerals, 79, 84, 89, 95, 118 Arachnids, 336 Archaeological dating, 963 Archaeology, 634 Architecture, 55 Arc lamp, 421 Arctic Ocean, 914 Arcturus, 238 Arginine, 1114, 1231, 1270 Argon, 307 discovery of, 760, 832 light bulbs and, 1072 Ariel, 509 Arithmetic, 79 fundamental theorem of, 415 Aromatic compounds, 628, 752 Arsenic, 96 chemotherapy and, 845 Arsphenamine, 845 Arteries, 11, 36, 43 pulsation of, 42
Artificial heart, 1016 Artificial insemination, 302, 988 Artificial intelligence, 1375 Artificial radioactivity, 1227 Artificial respiration, 807 Artificial satellites, 1317, 1351, 1370, 1392 tracking of, 1386 Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), 1087, 1167 synthesis of, 1201 Asepsis, 830 Asimov, Isaac, 1349 Asklepios, 1, 22 Asparagine, 379 Aspirin, 610 Assassins, 76 Assembly line, 929 Astatine, 1287 Aster, 762 Asteroids, 341, 372, 523, 573, 763, 1163 collision with Earth of, 1363 origin of, 713 parallax of, 1140 perturbations of, 586 photography and, 927 Asthma, 137 Astigmatism, 402, 523, 605, 919 Astrology, 52, 106, 119, 134, 137, 156, 159, 164, 169 Astronautics, 1172 Astronomia Nova, 169 Astronomic unit, 763 Astronomy, prehistoric, 1481 Astrophysics, 589 Asymmetric compounds, structure of, 1310 Atlantic cable, 621, 652 Atlantis, 24, 218 Atlas, 144 Atmosphere, depth of, 85 layers of, 861 lower, 861 pressure of, 192 903
INDEX primordial, 1164 refraction of, 52 upper, 962, 1155, 1158 Atomic bomb (see Nuclear bomb) Atomic clock, 1400 Atomic hydrogen blowtorch, 1072 Atomic numbers, 857, 1051, 1052, 1121, 1228 Atomic pile, 1241, 1259 Atomic theory, 389, 733 Atomic volume, 685 Atomic weights, 389, 412, 425, 440, 485, 579, 599, 668, 730, 760, 968, 1051 specific heat and, 441 Atomism, 15, 20, 29, 35, 38, 53, 60, 182, 212, 268, 364, 769, 840, 1064 Atoms, 389 electron waves and, 1117, 1157, 1191 internal structure of, 834, 839, 869, 946, 996, 1111 magnetic properties of, 1219 size of, 628, 990, 1064 visualization of, 1364 Atom-smashing, 1198 ATP (adenosine triphosphate), 1221, 1331, 1402, 1441, 1504 abiogenic formation of, 1457 Audiometer, 1220 Auction, 1017 Aureomycin, 1010 Aurora borealis, 182, 290, 585 Auscultation, 429 Australia, 300, 331 animals of, 643
Autoclave, 816 Autoimmune diseases, 1442 Automation, 316, 1139 Automobile, 635, 694, 708, 929 Autonomic nervous system, 1073 Aviation gasoline, 966 Aviation medicine, 702 Avogadro’s hypothesis, 412, 553, 568 Avogadro’s number, 412 Axiomatics, 889, 918 Axioms, 889 Axis, tipping of, 18 Azote, 334, 368 Bacco in Toscana, 211 Bacillus brevis, 1235 Bacteria, 304 anaerobic, 813 chemotherapy and, 1183 classification of, 675 destruction of, 1012, 1055 discovery of, 221 disease and, 767 filtering of, 816 reproduction of, 1466 staining of, 767, 841 Bacterial genetics, 1313 Bacteriology, 675 Bacteriophages, 986, 1012, 1055, 1313, 1485
nucleic acid and, 1341 structure of, 1377 Baeyer’s strain theory, 718 Baffin Bay, 178 Baily’s beads, 406 Bakelite, 728, 931 Balance, organs of, 755 Balanoglossus, 750, 913 Balfour, Arthur J., 823, 1031 Ball lightning, 1173 Balloons, 191, 309, 343, 362, 364, 404, 737 dirigible, 737 high-altitude, 1092 invention of, 325 unmanned, 861 Baluchithérium, 1091 Banana, 160 Barbiturates, 1320 Barbituric acid, 718 Barium, 1063 isolation of, 421 radium and, 825 Barium platinocyanide, 774 Barkhausen effect, 1079 Barnard’s star, 883 planets of, 1247 Barometer, 189, 192, 207, 244 aneroid, 233 Basal metabolic rate (BMR), 691 Basalt, 296 Basilar membrane, 1220 Basques, 1264 Bassi, Laura, 302 Bathyscaphe, 1050, 1092 Bathysphere, 1050 Bats, 302 Battery, electric, 337, 361, 470, 709 Bazooka, 1083 Becquerel rays, 834 Bees, 1110 Beet sugar, 279 Behaviorism, 1057 Bell, Jocelyn, 1463 Bellingshausen Sea, 426 Bends, 702, 837 904
INDEX Benzene, 190, 474, 734, 796, 1236 structure of, 680 Benzene ring, 628 Benzoic acid, 515 Beriberi, 888, 1093, 1240 Bering Island, 250 Bering Sea, 250 Bering Strait, 250 Berkeley, George, 263 Berkelium, 1372 Bernard of Clairvaux, 88 Bernoulli, Jacob (or Jacques), 268 Bernoulli, Johann (or Jean), 268 Bernoulli’s principle, 268 Berson, Solomon, 1446 Beryllium, 515, 1146, 1362 discovery of, 379 neutrons and, 1150 Bessel’s functions, 439 Beta particles, 996 Beta rays, 906, 965, 996 elements and, 1052 energy of, 1228 Betatron, 1329, 1367, 1395 Beta waves, 1014 Betelgeuse, diameter of, 835 Bevatron, 337, 1329 Biela’s comet, 434 Bielids, 434 Bifocal glasses, 272 Big bang, 1125, 1136, 1149, 1174, 1278, 1437, 1501 Bile, 214 Bile acids, 1048 Bile pigments, 457, 1059 Binary notation, 233, 1404 Binary stars, 294, 321 spectroscopic, 757 Binding energy, 1051 Binomial nomenclature, 276 Binomial theorem, 231, 527 Biochemistry, 175, 663, 674 Biology, 336 Biotin, 1239 Birds, 443 Birth rate, 201 Bismarck, Otto von, 632, 638 Bismuth meal, 998 Bits, 1404 Bittner milk factor, 1277 Black body radiation, 648, 678, 760, 887, 934 Black hole, 1019, 1366 evaporation of, 1510 Blanc, Mont, 322 Blast furnaces, 575 Blasting gelatin, 703 Bligh, William, 331 Blind spot, 203 Bliss, Nathaniel, 310 Blood, air and, 219 circulation of, 43, 65, 122, 140, 142, 146, 174, 214 gases in, 597 proteins of, 1257 transfusion of, 219, 227, 973, 1016, 1411 white corpuscles in, 775 Blood groups, 973 race and, 1264 Blood-letting, 42, 429, 469 Blood pressure, 249, 500, 597, 683 Blood vessels, 36 repair of, 1016 X rays and, 1032 Blowpipe, 292, 339 Blum, Léon, 1204 BMR (basal metabolic rate), 691 Bode’s law, 301, 341, 344 Bode-Titius law, 344 Bohr-Sommerfeld atom, 976 Bok globules, 1302 Bolivar, Simôn, 525 Bolometer, 711 Bonaparte, Napoleon (see Napoleon I) Bone, 339 Bone structure, 237 Boniface VIII (Pope), 103 Bonner Durchmusterung, 508 Bookkeeping, double-entry, 120 Boranes, 1435 Borax, 490 Borgia, Cesare, 122 Boric acid, 490 Boron, 420, 421 Boron hydrides, 1043 Bose-Einstein statistics, 1170 Bosons, 1170 Boston Symphony Hall, 972 Botany Bay, 331 Boyd, Lyle G., 1237 Boyle’s law, 203, 212, 561 Brain, 11, 29, 106, 146, 371 convolutions of, 43 mapping of, 731, 761, 881 paralysis and, 278 Brain surgery, 653 Bread, 903 Breeder reactor, 1321 Brewster’s law, 433 Bright’s disease, 465
INDEX Broca’s convolution, 653 Bromine, 438, 796 discovery of, 529 Bronze Age, 53, 460 Brougham, Henry, 402 Brownian motion, 403, 990, 1064 Brucia, 927 Brucine, 454 Bubble chamber, 979, 1363, 1472 Bubonic plague, 767, 870 Buckingham, George Villiers, duke of, 163 Bunsen burner, 565, 648, 977 Buoyancy, principle of, 47 Butler, Samuel, 704 Butyl alcohol, 1031 Byrd, Harry F., 1129 Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 481 Cadmium, 835 discovery of, 411 Caesar, Julius, 54, 55 Caffeine, 493 Calcar, Jan Stephen van, 146 Calcium, 421 interstellar, 940, 949, 1203 sun and, 974 Calcium carbide, 515 Calcium carbonate, 298 Calcium deficiency, 1062 Calcium ions, 717 Calcium oxide, 298, 428 Calculating machines, 207, 233, 481 Calculus, 47, 198, 231, 233, 263 Calculus of variations, 317 Calendar, lunar, 23 solar, 54 Californium, 1372 Caligula, 85 Callisthenes, 29 Callisto, 166 Caloric, 334, 360 Calorimeter, 674, 691 Calvin, John, 142 Cambrian era, 442 Camera, pinhole, 117, 150 Canal rays, 811, 1024 Canals, Martian, 499, 681, 714, 860 Cancer, 1089, 1242, 1277 viruses and, 1067, 1277, 1388
Candles, 448 Canning, 359 Cannizzaro reaction, 668 Canopus, 52 Capillaries, 214 control of, 1030 Capillarity, 768 Capillary action, 245 Capillary electrometer, 778 Carbanions, 1199 Carbohydrates, 440 metabolism of, 1221, 1231 Carbolic acid, 672 Carbon, 515, 863 conducting properties of, 312 electric lights and, 677 isotopes of, 1164, 1178, 1342, 1385 steel and, 252 valence of, 680, 921, 950 Carbon-12, 1178 Carbon-13, 1164 Carbon-14, 963, 987, 1358, 1361 half life of, 1385 Carbon-14 dating, 1342 Carbon dioxide, 298, 312, 375, 389, 421, 474, 735, 1231 blood content of, 770 diamond and, 334 discovery of, 175 greenhouse effect and, 894 liquefaction of, 580 planetary atmospheres and, 1045, 1297 solid, 1309 Carbon filament, 788 Carbonium ions, 1199 Carbon monoxide, 103, 389, 578, 856 cytochromes and, 1089 liquid, 698 Carbon powder, 789 Carbon rings, 729, 1119 Carbon suboxide, 1039 Carborundum, 863 Cardiac catheterization, 1181, 1184, 1283 Carnegie, Andrew, 974 Carnot, M. F. S., 1016 Carolingian Renaissance, 77, 78 Carotenoids, 1131 Carver, Moses, 937 Cascade process, 1280 Casein, 1114 Caspian Sea, 280 Cassini’s division, 209, 586 Cast iron, 575 Castor, 209 Catabolism, 578 Catalase, 1113 Cataldi, P. A., 202 Catalysis, 380, 650, 840 Catalysts, organic, 490 Catalytic action, 650 906
INDEX Catapults, 45, 46 Cataract, optic, 57, 919 Catastrophism, 291, 396 Catherine I (Empress, Russia), 275 Catherine II the Great (Empress, Russia), 169, 275, 286, 289, 313, 317 Cathode rays, 474, 487, 649, 664, 695, 774, 811, 834, 869, 873, 920, 934 particulate nature of, 990 Cathode-ray tube, 808, 1134 CAT scanner, 1461 Causality, 15 Cedar tree, 148 Celestial Mechanics, 347, 392, 404, 545 Cell differentiation, 313 Cell division, 538, 598, 651, 704, 722, 762 Cellophane, 862 Cell pathology, 632 Cells, 223 chromosomes in, 782 staining of, 762, 764, 845 synthetic dyes and, 762 Cells, electric, 568 Cell staining, 762, 764, 845
762
Cell theory, 400, 537, 538, 563 Celluloid, 728 photography and, 852 Cellulose, 430, 490, 743, 1074 Cellulose acetate, 852 Celsius scale, 271 Celtium, 1002, 1121 Center of gravity, 47 Centrifugal effect, 1097 Centrifuges, 1097 Centrosome, 923 Cepheid variables, 975, 1018, 1019, 1085, 1102 Andromeda galaxy and, 1136 distance of, 1045 populations of, 1163 Cerebellum, 43 Cerebral cortex, 731 Cerebrospinal fluid, 438 Cerebrum, 43 Ceres, 341, 344 Cerium, 335, 425 discovery of, 390 Cerium nitrate, 890 Cesium, 565, 648 Chain reaction, chemical, 936, 994, 1200 branched, 1189 Chain reaction, nuclear, 1208 Chamberland filters, 816
Chandrasekhar’s limit, 1356 Channel rays, 869 Characteristic X rays, 1049 Charcoal, 490 Chardonnet silk, 743 Charge conjugation, conservation of, 1497 Charles I (King, England), 174, 198 Charles II (King, England), 172, 198, 201, 202, 208, 212, 213, 231, 234, 235 Charles III (King, Spain), 382 Charles IV (King, Spain), 364 Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor), 126, 130, 133, 144, 146 Charles IX (King, France), 139 Charles X (King, France), 396, 416, 463, 571 Charles XIV (King, Sweden), 425 Charles’s law, 343 Charmed particles, 1493, 1507 Châtelet, Marquis de, 274 Chemical analysis, 982 Chemical bonds, electrons and, 978, 1013, 1037, 1236 Chemical History of a Candle, The, 474 Chemical kinetics, 994, 1033 Chemical nomenclature, 319, 334, 366 Chemical potential, 674, 740 Chemical reactions, electrons and, 978 fast, 1206, 1443, 1477 Chemical Society, 547 Chemical thermodynamics, 721, 740, 829, 1061 Chemistry, 67 agricultural, 421, 525 quantitative, 334 Chemistry Applied to the Arts, 368 Chemotherapy, 845 Cherenkov radiation, 1180, 1281, 1340 Chicken pox virus, 1397 Childbed (puerpueral) fever, 205, 607 Child psychology, 780 Children, development of, 1070 Chimborazo, Mount, 397 Chimpanzees, 1112 Chi-square test, 875 Chladni figures, 370 Chlorine, 329, 474 bleaching and, 346 discovery of, 421 isotopes of, 1051, 1150 liquid, 989 poison gas attacks and, 977 Chloroform, 435, 567, 617 907
INDEX Chlorophyll, 454, 493, 699, 1009, 1076, 1416 Chloroplast, 699 Cholera, 570, 576, 612, 767, 805, 901 Cholesterol, 1046, 1048 synthesis of, 1369, 1416 Chordata, 478, 750, 823, 913 Christian IV (King, Denmark), 156 Christian V (King, Denmark), 232 Christina (Queen, Sweden), 183, 191, 207, 218
Chromatic aberration, 231, 240, 273 Chromatin, 722, 762 Chromatography, 1006, 1009 paper, 1291, 1350, 1361, 1394, 1406, 1426 Chromium, 382, 909 discovery of, 379 Chromosomes, 704, 722, 762, 768, 782, 868, 923, 957, 1406 mapping of, 1153 mutations and, 1029 pairs of, 1047 Chromosphere, 446, 719 Chronology, 48, 154 Chronometer, 259 Churchill, Winston, 1101 Chymotrypsin, 1148 Cicero, 24, 27, 47, 52 Cigarette lighters, 890 Cilia, 537, 560 Cinchonine, 454 Citric acid, 1231 Citrus fruits, scurvy and, 288 Civet, 1119 Clairvoyance, 1182 Clapeyron-Clausius equation, 507 Clarke, Arthur C., 1351 Classical physics, 692, 774, 887, 1064 Cleanthes, 41 Clement IV (Pope), 99 Cleopatra VII (Queen, Egypt), 40, 207 Clepsydra, 46 Clinical thermometer, 720 Clitoris, 149 Clock, longitude and, 259 pendulum, 166, 181, 204, 215 Cloud chamber, 979, 1207, 1274, 1472 Clouds, 979 interstellar, 765 Coal, hydrogenation of, 977, 1098 plant origin of, 365 Coal gas, 363 Coal mines, 236 Coal tar, 222, 409, 604, 752 Cobalt, 260 vitamin B12 and, 1312 Cocaine, 830, 865, 882 Cochlea, 631, 1220 Cod-liver oil, 900 Cody, William F., 690 Coelenterata, 640, 659 Coenzyme A, 1221, 1240, 1360 Coenzymes, 947, 1011 vitamins and, 1240, 1267 Coffee, 160 Coherent light, 1479 Coherer, 1025 Coincidence counters, 1146, 1207 Colchicine, 1029 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 130, 421 Collective unconscious, 1035 Colloids, 547, 1097 light-passage through, 626 Colorado potato beetle, 1216 Color blindness, 389 Color perception, 402 Color photography, 692, 778, 1344 Color television, 1319 Columbium, 383, 388 Coma Berenices, 44 Combining volumes, law of, 420, 425, 668 Combustion, 241, 334 heat of, 334, 347, 528 Comets, 180, 194 breakup of, 434 discovery of, 305, 352, 372, 376, 434, 639, 671 distance of, 156 gravity and, 238 meteors and, 434 motion of, 191 orbits of, 238 origin of, 1229 pandemics and, 1398 return of, 189 short-term, 326 spectrum of, 646, 671 structure of, 671, 821, 1317 tails of, 133, 952 Commodus, 65 Communications satellites, 1351 Commutative law, 545 Comparative anatomy, 396 Comparative embryology, 669, 707 Compass, gyroscopic, 907 Compass, magnetic, 104, 155 variations of, 121, 184 Compensation, 984 Complement, 951, 986 9 0 8
INDEX Complementarity, principle of, 1101 Complex numbers, 944 Compound A, 1105 Compound E, 1105, 1188 Compton effect, 1159 Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner, 1461 Computers, 481 Computers, electronic, 843, 1139, 1175, 1328, 1431 analogue, 1139 astronomy and, 1258 digital, 1328 memory of, 1285 solid-state devices and, 1348 vitamin B12 and, 1352 Comte, Auguste, 648 Concerning the Nature of Things, 922 Concertina, 526 Conciliator, 106 Condenser, electrical, 272 Conditioned reflexes, 802, 1057, 1110 Conductors, electrical, 253, 262 Cone, 30 Conformational analysis, 1197, 1427 Conic sections, 49 Conservationism, 443 Constellations, 170 Continued fractions, 202 Continuity of the germ plasm, 704 Continuous creation, 1149, 1174, 1398, 1433, 1437 Contraceptives, oral, 1266 Control rods, 1357 Conventions, scientific, 423 Convergent series, 226
239
Cook, Frederick A., 866 Coolidge, Calvin, 1020 Coolidge tube, 1020 Cooper electron pairs, 1489 Coordination theory, 960 Copper, 470 Copper arsenite, 329 Copper carbonate, 364 Copper plating, 413 Copper sulfate, 413 Coral reefs, 554, 1304 Corals, 252, 491 Cordite, 510, 673, 759, 1031 Core, Earth’s, 584, 917, 1133 Cori ester, 1194 Coriolis forces, 480 Corona, solar, 712 temperature of, 1196, 1316 X rays and, 1407 Coronagraph, 1196 Coronium, 719, 1196 Corrector plate, 1065 Corticoids, 1105, 1188 isolation of, 1201 Cortisone, 1188 synthesis of, 1039, 1416 Cosimo II (Grand Duke, Tuscany), 211 Cosmic egg, 1174, 1278 Cosmic rays, 969, 1088, 1274, 1292 detection of, 1146 particulate nature of, 1159, 1289 showers of, 1280 Cosmogony, 777, 1174 Cosmological principle, 1186 Cosmological term, 1125 “Cosmos,” 1504 Cotton gin, 386 Cottonseed oil, 856 Coulomb, 474 Coulomb’s law, 318 Coumarin, 734 Counter-earth, 19 Coupling, J. J., 1351 Cowcatcher, 481 Cowpox, 348 CP symmetry, 1454, 1497 CPT symmetry, 1497 Crab nebula, 513, 1408 Cranial index, 498 Craniometry, 653 Craters, lunar, 724, 1071 names of, 185 Creatine, 612, 661 Creatinine, 661 Critias, 21 Critical temperature, 580, 698 Critique of Pure Reason, 293 Cromwell, Oliver, 172, 197, 208, 220 Crookes tube, 695 Cross hairs, 195 Crossing-over, 957, 1153 Crust, Earth’s, 871 magnetic properties of, 1285 plates of, 1303 thickness of, 926 Crustaceans, 336 Cryogenics, 474 Cryolite, 665, 933 Crystallization, 485 Crystallography, 332 Crystalloids, 547 Crystals, 162, 225 Download 17.33 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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