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909 INDEX asymmetry of, 642 mirror images of, 642 structure of, 1141 ultrasonic sound and, 897 X rays and, 1068 Crystal sets, 808 Cube, duplication of, 25 Cubic centimeters, 910 Cubic equations, 135 Cuneiform, 511, 559 Curare, 270, 1325 Curie, 996 Curie point, 897 Curium, 1372 Cyanates, 532 Cyanocobalamin, 1312 structure of, 1352 Cybernetics, 316
Cyclic AMP, 1402 Cyclohexane, 1197 Cyclotron, 1241, 1246, 1329, 1395 Cystine, 388 Cytochrome C, 1267 Cytochromes, 1089, 1113 Cytology, 768 Cytoplasm, 768 Cytosine, 842, 1291, 1406 Daedalus, 1 Daguerrotype, 467, 511 Daltonism, 389 Dalton’s law, 389 Daniell cell, 470 Darius I (King, Persia), 9, 559 David, Jacques L., 443 Davy lamp, 421, 431 DDT, 1216 typhus fever and, 956 Deaf-mutes, 286 Death rate, 201 Debye, 1094 Debye-Hiickel theory, 1094 Decimal fractions, 158 Decimal point, 159 De Corporis Humani Fabrica, 146 Deep sea, life in, 590 Deferent, 50 Definite proportions, law of, 364, 389, 425, 515 Defoe, Daniel, 265 De Gaulle, Charles, 990, 1227 Degenerate matter, 1045 Degrees of freedom, 740 Dehydrogenations, 1048, 1089 Deimos, 681 D’Elhuyar, Juan José, 367 De Magnete, 155 Demography, 201 De Motu Animalium, 191 De Natura Rerum, 53 Denatured alcohol, 547 Dendrochronology, 963
Deoxyribonucleic acid (see DNA) Deoxyribose, 980 Dephlogisticated air, 312, 334 De Re Metallica, 132 Descent of Man, The, 554 Descriptive geometry, 340 Determinants, 541 Deuterium, 1037, 1164, 1211, 1244 Deuteron, 1244, 1280 structure of, 1362 Devonian era, 442, 477 Dewar flasks, 759 Diabetes mellitus, 205, 448, 1115, 1152
166
Dialysis, 547, 947 Diamagnetism, 1000 Diamonds, 334, 375 synthetic, 831, 850, 863, 1080 Diane de Poitiers, 134 Diastase, 490 Diatomaceous earth, 703 Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), 1216 Dickens, Charles, 474 Dictionary of Practical and Theoretical Chemistry, 361 Didymium, 501, 890 Dielectric constant, 936 Diels-Alder reaction, 1039, 1254 Diene synthesis, 1039 Diesel engine, 886 Dietary-deficiency disease, 888, 1027 Diffraction, light, 199, 402 Diffusion, gas, 547 Difluorodichloromethane (Freon), 1132 Digestion, 43, 191, 196, 578 chemistry of, 252 nerve control of, 802 Digestive juice, 725 Digitalis, 327 Dimensional analysis, 393 Diminishing returns, law of, 387 Dinosaur eggs, 1091 Dinosaurs, 396, 468, 539, 690 extinction of, 1363 910
INDEX Dione, 209 Dionysius II (King, Syracuse), 24 Diophantine equations, 66 Diphtheria, 419, 809, 828, 844, 845, 846 Dipole moments, 1094 Dirigibles, 737, 974
Disease, 22 bacteria and, 767 Disraeli, Benjamin, 554 Dissection, 11, 42, 43, 110, 134, 146 Distances, stellar, 975 Distillation, 59 Divinylchlorarsine, 1058 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), 980, 1054, 1270
enzymes affecting, 1505, 1508 genetic code and, 1448, 1476 protein formation and, 1447 replication of, 1406, 1480 structure of, 1406 synthetic, 1422 Doering, William von Eggers, 1416 Dog whistle, 636 Dolomite, 353 Dollfuss, Engelbert, 984 Dolphins, 29 Domagk, Hildegarde, 1183 Domains, magnetic, 942, 1079 Donati’s comet, 671 Doppler effect, 534 Doppler-Fizeaux effect, 1038 Double bonds, 661
DNA and, 1406 Double refraction, 210, 231, 394, 404, 408, 455
Double stars, 185, 209, 483 Dowsing, 413 Dragons of Eden, The, 1504 Draper point, 566 Dreams, 865 Drinking water, 687 Drosophila, 957 Drug addiction, 830, 865 Dry ice, 1309, 1391 Dry plate photography, 677 D-series, 833 Duodenum, 42 Dust, clouds and, 979 Dyes, synthetic, 706, 734 cells and, 762 Dynamite, 703 Dynamo, 666 Dysentery, 870, 997 Dysprosium, 736
Ear, 631 inner, 1040 Earth, age of, 169, 231, 277, 297, 502, 531, 652, 987 circumference of, 204 circumnavigation of, 124, 130 core of, 1133, 1279 curvature of, 4 internal heat of, 297 interior of, 814, 1133 iron core of, 584 magnetic field of, 155, 459, 546, 678, 1279
mass of, 307 moon’s tidal influence on, 777 motion of, 19, 41, 127 origin of, 277 primordial atmosphere of, 1490 rotation of, 28, 119, 270, 293, 480, 619, 777 shape of, 267, 270, 283, 970, 1412 size of, 48, 52 spherical form of, 29, 33, 75, 99, 121 surface changes of, 296, 297 zones of, 56, 58 Earth (mineral), 373 Earthquakes, 550, 898, 917 cause of, 223, 294 Earthquake waves, 753, 814, 871, 1133 Earthshine, 166 Easter, 23 dating of, 75 Eccentricity, 169 Echinodermata, 336, 640, 913 Echo I, 1351, 1400 Echolocation, 1000 Eclipse, 3, 14 solar, 406, 647, 719, 1064, 1085 stellar, 381 Ecliptic, obliquity of, 18, 48 Ecology, 707, 1216 Edison effect, 788, 803 Edward III (King, England), 111 Edward VII (King, Great Britain), 474 Efficiency expert, 864 Egg incubator, 252 Eggs, 704 cellular nature of, 669 dinosaur, 1091 mammalian, 478 Egypt, archaeology of, 838 Einsteinium, 1064, 1372 911
INDEX Einstein shift, 1064, 1483 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 1370, 1392 Electric cell, 936 Electric chair, 867 Electric circuits, mathematics of, 806 Electric current, 337 Electric fishes, 611 Electric force, distance and, 318 Electric furnace, 831 Electric generator, 837 Electric impulse, velocity of, 648 Electricity, animal, 320 element isolation and, 421 flow of, 337, 461 galvanic, 320 particulate nature of, 474, 664 positive and negative, 266, 272 transport of, 867 Electric lights, 788, 863, 1020 Electrics, 155 Electric shock, 257, 269 Electrocardiogram, 904 Electrochemistry, 474, 649 Electrode, 474 Electrodynamics, 407 Electroencephalography, 1014 Electrolysis, 361, 474 laws of, 474, 894 Electrolytes, 474, 684, 894, 1094 Electromagnetic interaction, 1243 Electromagnetic radiation, 692, 810, 839, 873, 969, 1025 electrons and, 1101 Electromagnetic spectrum, 810 Electromagnetic theory, 692, 806 Electromagnetic Theory, 806 Electromagnetism, 407, 446 discovery of, 417 Electromagnets, 436, 503, 985 Electrometer, 322 capillary, 778 Electronic charge, 969 Electronic computer, 1139 Electron microscope, 1134, 1202, 1222, 1322, 1339, 1380, 1401, 1418 Electron orbits, 1101, 1117 Electron-positron formation, 1207 Electrons, 272, 583, 613, 664, 695 acceleration of, 1367 atomic magnetism and, 1219 bombardment of gases by, 1081 charge of, 618, 969 chemical bonding and, 978, 1013, 1037, 1236 diffraction of, 1156 discovery of, 869 distribution of, 1049, 1111 Edison effect and, 803 emission of, 1066 energy levels of, 976, 1101, 1228 ions and, 894 nucleus and, 1150 orbits of, 976 photoelectric effect and, 920, 1064 radioactivity and, 834 radio tube and, 1017 valence and, 978, 1013 wave nature of, 1078, 1084, 1101, 1117 Electron shells, 1101, 1111, 1228 Electron spin, 1228, 1234 Electron-volts, 337 Electron waves, 1117, 1157, 1191 Electrophoresis, 1097, 1257 Electrophorus, 337 Electrophysiology, 611 Electroscopes, 1088 Electrostatic capacitance, 474 Electrostatic generator, 1246 Electrostatics, 189, 257, 266, 272, 407 Electrotherapy, 591
Elements, chemical, 212 Greek, 3, 17 list of, 334 missing, 705 periodic table of, 685, 705, 727 relationships among, 427 similarities among, 622 spectral lines and, 648 valence of, 474 Elephantiasis, 771 Elevator, 122, 569 Elixir of life, 76 Elizabeth I (Queen, England), 155, 163 Ellipses, 169 Elliptical functions, 541 Elliptical integrals, 358 Embden-Meyerhof pathway, 1095 Embryo, 981 chick, 489 Embryology, 148, 151, 313, 478, 489, 600 comparative, 478, 707 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 543 Enceladus, 321 Encke’s comet, 376, 434, 475
Endocrine glands, 482 Endoplasmic reticulum, 1222 Endothermic, 674 Energy, 402, 625 912
INDEX conservation of, 298, 587, 613, 631, 1064 human, 848 Krebs cycle and, 1231 mass and, 1064, 1207 particles of, 887 Engine, internal combustion, 635, 694, 708, 995
Engine knock, 1044, 1132 Eniac, 1139, 1328, 1431 Entropy, 633, 692 Enzymes, 490, 563, 725, 903, 1009 crystalline, 1120, 1148 genes and, 1270 iron-containing, 1113 proteins as, 1120, 1148 reaction mechanism of, 1033 respiratory, 1113 trace minerals and, 1240 Enzyme-substrate complex, 1384, 1417 Eocene, 487 Epicycle, 50 Epidemics, 208 Epigenesis, 478 Epilepsy, 22, 1014 Epinephrine, 855, 877, 1105 Equilibrium, 1040 Equine encephalitis, 1202 Equinoxes, precession of, 50 Equivalent weights, 474, 668 Eras, geologic, 442 Erbium, 501 Erebus, Mount, 512 Erlenmeyer flask, 661 Ernst August (Elector, Hannover), 670 Eros, 763 parallax of, 1140 Erythronium, 382, 451 ESP (extrasensory perception), 1182
554
Essential amino acids, 912, 1114 Essex, Robert Devereux, earl of, 163 Ester, 457 Estrone, 1169 isolation of, 1265 Ethane, 856 Ether, diethyl, 543, 594, 617, 650, 993 Ether, luminiferous, 455, 463, 618, 835, 1064, 1400 Ether-drift, 953 Ethics, 21 Ethology, 1271, 1326 Ethylene, 389, 856 Ethylene glycol, 602 Ethyl iodide, 1132
Eugenics, 636, 1145 Eugenius IV (Pope), 116 Euphonium, 370 Euripides, 14 Europa, 166 Europium, 825 Eustachian tube, 11, 141 Evaporated milk, 524 Everest, Mount, 1432 Evolution, behavioral, 1271 biological, 17, 29, 276, 277, 286, 291, 308, 336, 502, 539, 624, 631, 652 human, 502, 554, 643, 659, 884, 959, 1096, 1268 mutations and, 792 natural selection and, 297, 387, 554, 562, 643, 1224 stellar, 606, 777, 1056, 1203, 1278, 1345, 1356, 1398 Exchange forces, 1245, 1323 Exchange particles, 1170 Exercitatio de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis, 174
Exothermic, 674 Expanding universe, 1004, 1038, 1125, 1136, 1174, 1423, 1437
Experimental physiology, 578 Experimentation, 99, 104, 163 Explorer I, 1370, 1392 Explorer HI, 1392 Explorer IV, 1392 Explosions, chemical, 1200 Explosives, 977 Exponents, 198 Extragalactic nebulae, 1136 Extrasensory Perception, 1182 Extraterrestrial civilizations, 1459, 1491, 1504 Extrovert, 1035 Fahlberg, Constantine, 781 Fahrenheit scale, 254 Falconry, 97 Falling bodies, 38, 122, 158, 166 Fallopian tubes, 149 Fallout shelters, 1342 Farad, 474 Faraday, 474 Farsightedness, 605 Fat, tissue, 1211 Fats, 440 913
INDEX chemistry of, 448 synthesis of, 674 Fatty acids, 448 Faults, crustal, 898 Ferdinand II (King, Spain), 99, 121, 123 Ferdinand III (Holy Roman Emperor), 189 Ferdinand (Duke, Brunswick), 415 Fermat’s last theorem, 188, 410, 826 Fermentation, 222, 642, 903 Ferments, 725, 903 Fermi-Dirac statistics, 1170 Fermions, 1170 Fermium, 1243, 1372 Ferrimagnetism, 1285 Ferrites, 1285 Ferrocene, 1429, 1445 Ferromagnetism, 942, 1079, 1285, 1333 Fertilization, plant, 354 Fertilizers, 302, 532, 977 artificial, 588 Fever, 592 Fibers, artificial, 677, 743, 1190 Field-emission microscope, 1364 Fifth degree, equation of the, 527, 571 Filaments, electric light, 677, 788, 890, 1020, 1072 Film, photographic, 852 Filterable virus, 817 Fingerprints, 636 Finnegans Wake, 1487 Fire, 10 discovery of, 55 First International Chemical Congress, 668, 680 Fission, nuclear, 1060, 1063, 1064, 1101, 1187, 1208, 1227, 1238, 1243, 1244, 1251, 1284, 1321, 1330, 1362 FitzGerald, Edward, 87 FitzGerald contraction, 821, 835, 1064 Flatworms, 517 Flavoenzymes, 1089 Flavones, 1107 Flies, 1113 Fluorescence, 618, 623, 834 Fluorescent lights, 989 Fluorine, 582 discovery of, 831 Fluoroscope, 774, 891 Flying saucers, 1237 FM (frequency modulation), 1143 Foci, elliptical, 169 Fodder, preservation of, 1176 Follicle, ovarian, 478 Food, preservation of, 359 Forces, 166, 231 Fossils, 96, 122, 147, 213, 225, 333, 690, 748, 1091 classification of, 396 micro-organismic, 491, 1399 strata and, 395 Foster, George C., 727 Foucault’s pendulum, 619
Fourier’s theorem, 393 Foxglove, 327 Fractions, 66 Francis I (Emperor, Austria), 323, 371 Francis I (King, France), 122, 134, 148 Francis II (King, France), 139 Francis Joseph I (Emperor, Austria), 890, 1075 Franklin stove, 272 Frasch process, 824 Frau im Mond, 1315 Fraunhofer lines, 450, 618, 619 Frederick I (King, Prussia), 221, 233 Frederick I (King, Sweden), 242, 260 Frederick II (King, Denmark), 156 Frederick II the Great (King, Prussia), 267, 275, 279, 289, 293, 299, 317, 321, 329, 356, 397
Frederick in (Holy Roman Emperor), 118 Frederick (Prince of Wales), 253 Frederick William I (King, Prussia), 241 Frederick William HI (King, Prussia), 439 Frederick William IV (King, Prussia), 508, 541, 551, 670 Free association, 865 Free energy, 674, 740 Free radical, 950, 1118, 1236 Freezing point, depression of, 894 Freon, 1044, 1132 Frequency modulation (FM), 1143 Friedel-Crafts reaction, 693, 741
Fronts, weather, 1205 Fructose, 663, 691 Fructose-1, 6-diphosphate, 1194 Fruit fly, 957 Fuel cells, 568 Fulbert, 88 Fulminates, 532 Fumaric acid, 1167 Fusion bomb (see Hydrogen bomb) Fusion, nuclear, 1180, 1335, 1390 Gadolinium, 373 discovery of, 599 Gahnite, 339 Galaxies, 321, 1136 914
INDEX clusters of, 1163, 1209 distance of, 1163 exploding, 1338, 1469 radio sources and, 1179 speed of recession of, 1149 spiral, 879, 1007 Galaxy (see also Milky Way), 281 center of, 1102, 1109, 1229 rotation of, 1185, 1229 size of, 815, 1102, 1229 spiral structure of, 1229, 1298, 1430 Gallium, 739 discovery of, 736 Galvanized iron, 320 Galvanometer, 320, 422, 436 string, 904 Game theory, 1248, 1273 Gamma globulins, 813 Gamma rays, 906, 908, 965, 996, 1159, 1292, 1423 matter from, 1207 Mössbauer effect and, 1483 Ganymede, 166 Garfield, James A., 789 Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 668, 727 Gas, 175 Gas-diffusion method, 1272, 1330 Gases, blood, 597 diffusion of, 547 electron bombardment of, 1081 high-pressure, 751 kinetic theory of, 692 liquefaction of, 474, 580, 698, 779, 783, 843 perfect, 726 spectra of, 1286 transportation of, 785 Gas laws, 698, 726 Gas lighting, 363 Gas masks, 490, 1009 Gasoline, 886, 966 coal conversion to, 1098 Gastric juice, 444, 902 Gas warfare, 977 Gaussia, 415 Gaussian curve, 496 Gay-Lussac’s law, 343, 420 Geiger counter, 1082 Geissler tubes, 521, 583, 695 Gelatin, 438, 691, 912 photography and, 852 Gene-linkage, 957
General theory of relativity, 564, 794, 935, 1045, 1064, 1125, 1186, 1405, 1483 Generator, electric, 474 Genes, 872, 957, 1047 enzymes and, 1270 mapping of, 957, 1153 regulatory, 1253 transplant rejection and, 1275 viruses and, 1282 Genetic code, 1278, 1355, 1406, 1447, 1448, 1476 Genetics, 598, 872, 913 bacterial, 1313 DNA and, 1054 laws of, 638, 938 Genetics and the Origin of Species, 1224 Geneva nomenclature, 553 Genghis Khan, 105 Genotype, 872 Geochemistry, 374, 924, 1123 Geocoronium, 719 Geodesy, 970 Geographos, 1179 Geology, 297, 322 life and, 924 Geomagnetic poles, 415 Geometric isomerism, 716 Geometry, descriptive, 340 «-dimensional, 556, 629 non-Euclidean, 247, 415, 484, 530, 670, 800
projective, 456, 800 Geophysics, 397, 1123 George I (King, Great Britain), 233, 242 George II (King, Great Britain), 32 George III (King, Great Britain), 253, 259, 273, 288, 308, 312, 321, 331, 360 George IV (King, Great Britain), 384 George V (King, Great Britain), 1152 George (Prince, Denmark), 234 Georgium Sidus, 321 German Chemical Society, 604 Germanium, 739 transistors and, 1348 German measles virus, 1397 German Rocket Society, 1315 Germ layers, 478, 591, 750 Germ plasm, 704 Germ theory of disease, 419, 557, 642, 767, 888 Gerontology, 448 Gestalt psychology, 1112 Geysers, 565 Gibbon, 884 Gilbert, Joseph H., 588 Gin, 196 915
INDEX Girardin, Saint Marc, 578 Glaciers, 449, 453, 551, 766 Gladstone, William, 554 Glass, 450 Glass electrode, 977 Glauber’s salt, 190 Gliders, 793, 995 Globular clusters, 1102, 1109, 1163, 1469 Glow lamp, 1017 Glucose, 364, 380, 430, 663, 691, 1074 diabetes and, 448, 1152 Glucose-1-phosphate, 1194 Glucose-6-phosphate, 1194 Glutathione, 912 Glycine, 515 Glycogen, 578, 1095, 1231 breakdown of, 1194 formation of, 691 Glycolysis, anaerobic, 1095 Gmelin’s test, 457 Gobi desert, 742 Godel’s proof, 1301 Godwin, Francis, 197 Goering, Hermann, 1155 Goiter, 525 Gold, 977 colloidal, 943 Goldbach’s conjecture, 256 Gold foil, 996, 1156 Golgi bodies, 764 Goniometer, 388 Gonococcus, 859 Gonorrhea, 859 Gout, 208 Governor, centrifugal, 316 Graafian follicles, 228 Grafting, tissue, 1223 Graf Zeppelin, 737 Graham’s law, 547 Gramicidin S, 1394 Gram-negative bacteria, 841 Gram-positive bacteria, 841 Granite, 111 Graphite, 863, 1243 moderator effect of, 1208 Gratings, refraction, 798 Gravitation, law of universal, 231 Gravitational acceleration, 794 Gravitational constant, 231, 307 Gravitational red shift, 1064 Gray matter, 371 Great Apes, The, 1041 Great Barringer Meteor Crater, 905 Great Hercules Cluster, 305
Greek fire, 74 Greene, Nathanael, 386 Greenhouse effect, 894 Greenland, 866, 1071 crossing of, 914 Gregorian calendar, 83, 152, 156, 198, 232, 258
Gregory XIH (Pope), 152, 156 Gresham’s law, 127 Grid, 1017 Grignard reagents, 993 Group theory, 571 Grove cell, 568 Growth hormone, 1382 Guanidine, 661 Guanine, 842, 1291, 1406 Guano, 397 Guide for the Perplexed, 92 Guillotin, Joseph, 314 Gulf Stream, 272, 548 Guncotton, 510, 703 Gunnery, 166 Gunpowder, 99, 510 Gustavus II Adolphus (King, Sweden), 189 Guyots, 1304 Gymnosperms, 403, 651 Gynecology, 567 Gypsum, 334 Gyroscope, 619, 907 Haber process, 1028 Haber-Bosch process, 1028 Hadrons, 1487 Hafnium, 1121 discovery of, 1100, 1135 Hahnium, 1063, 1372 Hairsprings, 223 Hale telescope, 974 Half life, 996 Hall (crater), 681 Hall, James N., 331 Halley’s comet, 119, 238, 283, 289, 439, 475, 573, 927 Hall-Heroult process, 933 Handbook of Chemistry, 457 Handbook of Organic Chemistry, 732 Hannibal, 47 Hansen, A. G. H., 859 Harden’s coenzyme, 1011, 1089 Harmonic analysis, 393 Harun al-Rashid (Caliph), 76 Haversian canals, 237 Hawaiian Islands, 300 Hayes, Rutherford B., 503 H-bomb (see Hydrogen bomb) 916
INDEX Hearing, 1220 Hearst, William R., 1005 Heart, 17, 36, 106 artificial, 1016 Heartbeat, 219, 717 Heart transplant, 1452 Heat, 298, 334, 346 flow of, 356, 393 measurement of, 613 mechanical equivalent of, 360 motion and, 360 Heat as a Mode of Motion, 626 Heat-death of the universe, 633, 692, 894 Heat radiation, 715 Heavy hydrogen, 1022, 1037, 1280 isolation of, 1164 Heavy water, 1037, 1164, 1227 moderator effect of, 1208 Hegel, G. W. F., 800 Heliometer, 264, 439 Heliotrope, 415 Helium, 759 age of the earth and, 1118 alpha particles and, 996 bends and, 837 discovery of, 647, 719, 832 isotopes of, 1333 Joule-Thomson effect and, 726 liquefaction of, 843 liquid, 1042 nuclear structure of, 1150 production of, 974 solid, 843, 1042 spectrum of, 941 sun and, 1308 Helium I, 1042 Helium II, 843, 1042, 1333 heat conduction of, 1173 superfluidity of, 1173 Helium-3, 1333 Héloise, 88 Heme, 1009, 1384 structure of, 1076 synthesis of, 1358 Hemoglobin, 578, 663, 1009, 1059, 1076, 1084 abnormal, 1236 amino acid structure of, 1415, 1426 Hemorrhage, 1177 Henle’s loop, 557 Henry, 503 Henry H (King, England), 89 Henry II (King, France), 134, 139 Henry III (King, England), 99 Henry III (King, France), 139, 157 Henry IV (King, France), 153
Hensen, Matthew, 866 Heparin, 1218 Hepatitis, 1467 Heredity, 636 Hering, Ewald, 755 Herodotus, 3, 9, 12 Hertzian waves, 873 Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, 1056 Hesperia, 714 Hesperornis, 690 Hess’s law, 528 Hexaphenylethane, 950 Hexuronic acid, 1167 Hidalgo, 1163 Hieroglyphics, 187, 402 Hieron II (King, Syracuse), 47 Hieronymus, 47 High-energy phosphate bond, 947 High octane gasoline, 966 High pressure, 751
Hippuric acid, 515 Histaminase, 1218 Histamine, 1046 Histidine, 842, 1114 Histology, 400, 600 History, 9
Hitler, Adolf, 273, 865, 887, 920, 929, 936, 941, 976, 977, 1009, 1015, 1024, 1031, 1060, 1064, 1068, 1081, 1084, 1086, 1088, 1089, 1094, 1095, 1100, 1101, 1112, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1123, 1124, 1145, 1155, 1165, 1177, 1183, 1208, 1211, 1226, 1227, 1231, 1233, 1265, 1289, 1291, 1306, 1308, 1313, 1332, 1370, 1389, 1444 Hofmann degradation reaction, 604 Hofmann violets, 604 Holmes, Oliver W., Jr., 558 Holmes, Sherlock, 865 Holmium, 746 Holography, 1230 Homeostasis, 998 Home permanent, 1033 Hominids, 1268
Homunculi, 313 Honorius IV (Pope), 101 Hoof-and-mouth disease, 828 Hooker, John D., 974 917
INDEX Hoover, Herbert, 132 Hormones, 807, 954, 1152 isolation of, 855 pituitary, 1239, 1382 Horse, evolution of, 748 Horsepower, 316 Hothouses, 470 Hubble radius, 1136 Hugh Capet (King, France), 84 Human evolution, 1096 Humboldt Current, 397 Humors, 22 Huns, 1264 Hydraulic press, 207 Hydrazine, 833 Hydrocarbons, 966 Hydrochloric acid, 162, 190, 421 stomach and, 440, 1103 Hydrodynamics, 268 Hydrofluoric acid, 831 Hydrogen, 334, 421, 977 balloons and, 325, 343 discovery of, 307 heavy, 1022, 1037 interstellar, 1203 isotopes of, 1164, 1211, 1244 Joule-Thomson effect and, 726 liquid, 698, 759, 779, 851, 1245 microwave radiation of, 1229, 1378, 1430 palladium and, 547 platinum and, 427 solid, 759 spectral lines of, 658, 941 steel and, 1028 sun and, 585, 974, 1308 universe and, 1056 Hydrogen-2, 1244 Hydrogen-3, 1244, 1342 Hydrogenation, catalytic, 856 Hydrogen atom, 1101 Hydrogen bomb, 1022, 1164, 1180, 1243, 1244, 1261, 1273, 1332, 1366, 1444 Hydrogen bromide, 474 Hydrogen chloride, 312, 741 Hydrogen cyanide, 329, 420 Hydrogen fluoride, 582 Hydrogen fusion, 1022, 1308 Hydrogen ions, 840, 967 catalytic properties of, 1061 Hydrogen molecules, 1245 quantum mechanics and, 1226 Hydrogen peroxide, 416, 1384 Hydrogen sulfide, 474 Hydrophobia, 642 Hydrostatics, 158 Hygiene, 612 Hygrometer, 244, 322, 470 Hypatia, 69 Hyperbolic functions, 299 Hyperion, 509, 660 Hyperons, 1487 Hypnotism, 314, 494, 662, 865 Hypothalamus, 1460 Hysteria, 865
Iapetus, 209 Iatrochemistry, 131 Icarus, 1163 Ice, 783 Ice Ages, 551, 766, 1303 Iceland spar, 210, 394, 408, 455 Iconoscope, 1134 Ideal gas, 726 Identical twins, 636 Iguanodon, 468 Ikhnaton, (King, Egypt), 838 Iliad, 479, 634, 1069 Illumination, electrical, 421, 788, 863, 1020 Imaginary numbers, 137, 198, 545 Immunity, 1223 Immunization, 642, 809 Immunology, 348 Impossibility, proof of, 415, 527 Imprinting, 1271 Index of refraction, 1257 Indigo, 718, 734 Indium, 506, 654 Induction, electrical, 474, 503, 536 Industrial chemistry, 368 Industrial Revolution, 316, 616 Inert gases, 832 Inertia, 122 Infectious disease, 570, 576 Inferiority complex, 984 Infinitesimals, 186 Infinity, 772 Information theory, 1404 Infrared radiation, 321, 711, 765 properties of, 504 Infrared spectrophotometer, 1021 Inheritance, laws of, 792, 999 Ink, 114 Inner ear, 1040 Innocent XII (Pope), 214 Inoculation, smallpox, 270, 306, 348 Inorganic compounds, 515 Insecticides, 876, 1216 Insect mimicry, 656 Insects, 223, 224, 1216 918
INDEX plant fertilization and, 354 respiration of, 291 Insemination, artificial, 302, 988 Insensible perspiration, 165 Insulators, electrical, 253, 262 Insulin, 791, 807, 1115, 1218 amino acid structure of, 1426 crystalline, 877 discovery of, 1152 Integers, 645, 772 Intelligence, inheritance of, 1086, 1348 measurement of, 878 Intelligence quotients, 878 Interference, light, 402 Interferometer, 835 Interlingua, 889 Intermediary metabolism, 691, 947 Intermediates, reaction, 1286 Internal combustion engine, 635, 694, 708, 886, 995 International Geophysical Year, 1392, 1432 Interpretation of Dreams, The, 865 Interstellar matter, 940, 949, 1109, 1203, 1286
Introvert, 1035 Invar, 910 Inversion, optical, 928 Invertase, 663 Invertebrates, 750 classification of, 336
595
Io, 166 Iodine, 420, 438, 529, 796 antiknock and, 1132 discovery of, 414 goiter and, 525 thyroid gland and, 786, 1105 Ion-exchange resins, 1259 Ionic radii, 1141 Ionium, 987 Ionization, theory of, 649, 894 Ionosphere, 1158 Ions, 487, 649, 894 clouds and, 979 IQ tests, 878 Iridium, 1363 discovery of, 375 Iron, 575, 909 anemia and, 208 cytochromes and, 1089 Earth’s core and, 584 enzymes and, 1113 heme and, 1009 magnetic properties of, 942, 1079 solar corona and, 1196 Iron Age, 53, 460 Iron-nickel alloy, 910 Irradiation, 1046 Irrational numbers, 641, 688, 772 Isabella (Queen, Spain), 99, 121
Island universes, 293, 1007 Isletin, 807, 1152 Islets of Langerhans, 791, 1152 Isomers, 532, 716 nuclear, 1261 optical, 642 structural formulas of, 680 Isomorphism, 485 Isoprene, 966 Isostasy, 523, 753, 970 Isotopes, 695, 869, 968, 996, 1051, 1052 nuclear structure and, 1150 radioactive, 100, 1227 Isotopic tracers, 1164, 1211 Ivan IV (Emperor, Russia), 85 Ivan VI (Emperor, Russia), 275 Ivory, 728 Ja’far al-Sadiq, 76 James I (King, England), 155, 156, 163, 169, 174 James II (King, England), 231 James VI (see James I) Jansky, 1295 Java Man, 884, 1096, 1162 Jeffries, John, 362 Jet streams, 1205 John I (King, Portugal), 111 John II (King, Portugal), 121, 130 John
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