Biographical encyclopedia
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927 INDEX Parr, Thomas, 174 Parsec, 1018 Parthenogenesis, 291 artificial, 896 Partial pressures, law of, 389 Particle accelerators, 1198, 1241, 1244, 1246, 1324, 1329, 1395, 1475 Particles (subatomic), spin of, 1228, 1255 wave nature of, 1157 Particle-wave dualism, 1157, 1159 Pascal’s principle, 207 Paschen series, 941 Pasteurization, 359, 642, 819 Pathology, 134, 251 Paul VI (Pope), 166 Paving, street, 369 Peabody, George, 690 Peanuts, 937 Peary Land, 866 Pedro II (Emperor, Brazil), 789 Pedro III (King, Aragon), 103 Peking man, 1096, 1162 Pellagra, 1027, 1093 nicotinic acid and, 1240 Pemmican, 524 Pendulum, 166 latitude and, 217 Penicillin, 841, 1010, 1031, 1077, 1128, 1183, 1213, 1306 virus culture and, 1195 Penicillin analogues, 1213 Penicillinase, 1306 Pénicillium notatum, 1077 Pensées, 207 Pepsin, 563 crystallization of, 1148 Perchloroethylene, 1423 Percussion powder, 435 Perfect gas, 726 Perfumes, 790 synthetic, 734 Perfusion, blood, 597 Pericles, 14, 16 Periodic table, 427, 705, 727, 832, 1049, 1052, 1121, 1228, 1372 Period-luminosity curve, 975 Peristalsis, 134 Permafrost, 280 Permian era, 477 Pernicious anemia, 482, 1059, 1103, 1154, 1312
Peron, Juan Domingo, 1115 Peroxidase, 1113, 1384 Perpetual motion, 122, 158 Perry, Matthew C., 855 Perspective, laws of, 117 Perturbations, planetary, 231, 275, 317, 347, 415 Peter I the Great (Emperor, Russia) 221, 233, 238, 242, 248, 250, 255, 256, 275 Peter I Island, 426 Peter II (Emperor, Russia), 256 Petersburg Academy, 275 Petri, Julius Richard, 767 Petroleum (oil), 132, 824, 886 drilling for, 614 pH, 967, 977 Phagocytes, 775 Pharmacology, 438 Pharmacopeia, 59 Phase-contrast microscope, 1127 Phase rule, 740, 854 Phases, 740 Phenol, 672 Philip II (King, Macedon), 29 Philip II (King, Spain), 146, 153, 159 Philip HI (King, Spain), 259 Philippe Égalité, 328 Philosopher, 7 Philosopher’s stone, 76, 131, 175
261, 274, 545, 625, 788 Phipps, James, 348 Phlegm, 219 Phlogiston, 241, 279, 307, 312, 334, 351, 360, 413 Phobos, 681 Phoebe, 885 Phonograph, 788, 819 Phosgene, 993 Phosphate esters, 1221 Phosphate ions, 947 Phosphates, 1062, 1194, 1221 Phospholipids, 663 Phosphoric acid, 547 Phosphorus, 212, 279 bone and, 339 discovery of, 216 iron ore and, 575 isotopes of, 1227 Phosphorus oxychloride, 602 Photochemistry, 566 Photodeik, 953 Photoelectric effect, 858, 887, 920, 1064 Photographic paper, 931 Photography, 384, 413, 467, 479, 511, 565, 566, 577, 589, 723, 765, 832 color, 692, 778, 1344 dry-plate, 677 9 2 8
INDEX sound and, 972 stellar, 763 Photoheliograph, 589 Photometry, 264 Photons, 1159, 1170 Photosynthesis, 306, 454, 699, 1178, 1385 chemistry of, 1361 Phrenology, 371, 731 Phyla, 396 Physical chemistry, 840
Physical organic chemistry, 601 Physicist, 487 Physics, classical, 592 Physiology, 134, 522 Pi, 299, 358 transcendental nature of, 826 value of, 47, 55, 153, 202, 572, 1139 Piazzia, 341 Piezoelectricity, 897, 965 Pi-meson (pion), 1274, 1323 Pinch effect, 1180 Pineal gland, 183, 225 Pion, 1274 Pioneer 10, 1491 Pioneer 11, 1491 Piperidine, 417 Pitchblende, 335, 1026 Pithecanthropus erectus, 884 Pituitary gland, 1090, 1115, 1382, 1460, 1474 posterior lobe of, 1239 Pius V (Pope), 166 Planck, Erwin, 887 Planck’s constant, 887, 1245 Planetary spheres, 27, 29, 32, 118, 156 Planetary tables, 119, 127, 143, 156, 350 Planetesimals, 766, 1003 Planetoids {see Asteroids), 341 Planets, 301 extra-solar, 1247 motion of, 7, 27, 37 orbits of, 1258 Planet X, 860, 1299 Plankton, 491, 746 Plant growth, 893 Plant immunity, 1122 Plant nutrition, 689 Plant physiology, 249 Plants, 34 breeding of, 799 classification of, 213, 276, 345, 396, 418 sex in, 29, 160 species of, 31 Plasma, 1173, 1180, 1335, 1356, 1390 Plaster of Paris, 82 Plastics, 728, 931, 1074 Plate tectonics, 1304 Platinum, 364, 375, 711, 812, 856 catalytic properties of, 421, 427 electric lights and, 677 fluorine and, 831 melting of, 428 working of, 388 Platinum hexafluoride, 1499 Platinum-iridium alloy, 910 Platinum wire, 788 Pliocene, 487 Plotinus, 70 Plutarch, 41, 47 Pluto, 1149 discovery of, 860, 1299 rotation of, 1297 Plutonium, 1329, 1372 Pneumococci, 1054 Pneumonia, 1054 Poincaré, Raymond, 847 Poise, 500 Poiseuille’s law, 500 Poison gas, 991, 993, 1058, 1063 Poisson’s distribution, 432 Polar fronts, 1205 Polarimetry, 404, 642 Polarized light, 394, 408, 433, 455, 716, 1196, 1344 rotation of, 404, 642, 928 Polarography, 1144 Polaroid, 1344 Pole star, 1018 Poliomyelitis, 973 vaccine against, 1311, 1393 Poliomyelitis virus, 1195 Polonium, 965 Polycrates, 7, 8 Polyethylene, 1215 Polygons, regular, 415 Polygraph, 1161 Polymerization, 1058 Polymers, 1074, 1190, 1215 isotactic, 1263 synthetic, 1097 Polypeptides, 1235 Polyploidy, 1029 Pompey, 52 Pons-Brookes’s comet, 376 Pons-Winnecke comet, 376 Pope, Alexander, 231, 249
Population increase, 387 929
INDEX Positional notation, 95 Positive, photographic, 479 Positive rays, 811, 869, 996 Positrons, 1227, 1256, 1280 discovery of, 1292 Potash, 414, 421 Potassium, 420, 603, 909 discovery of, 421 Potassium carbonate, 414 Potassium chlorate, 346, 427 Potassium ferrocyanide, 457 Potassium fluoride, 831 Potassium ions, 717, 1359 nerve impulse and, 1387 Potassium nitrate, 414 Potassium uranyl sulfate, 834 Potential energy, 613 Pound, James, 258 P-P factor, 1027, 1089 Praseodymium, 890 Prebus, Albert F., 1401 Pre-Cambrian life, 1399 Precession of the equinoxes, 127, 231 Precognition, 1182 Prefrontal lobotomy, 1032 Pressure, atmospheric, 192 Pressure, high, 751, 1080 Pressure cooker, 235 Prime meridian, 234 Prime mover, 316 Prime numbers, 40, 48 Principia Mathematica (Newton) (see Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica) Principia Mathematica (Russell and Whitehead) 911, 1005 Principles of Chemistry, The, 705 Principles of Geology, The, 502 Principles of Psychology, The, 754 Printing, 114 Probability, 188, 207, 215, 246, 347, 432 Proconsul africanus, 1268 Procyon, companion of, 439, 836 proper motion of, 238 Progesterone, 1265 Progression, mathematical, 25 Project Argus, 1392 Projective geometry, 456, 800 Project Vanguard, 1412 Prominences, solar, 589, 719 Prontosil, 1183, 1213, 1325 Proper motion, 646 Propylene, 1263 Prostate gland, 42 Prostatic cancer, 1242 Protactinium, 1063 Protamine, 770 Proteinoids, 1371 Proteins, 379, 388, 438, 440, 531, 1074 amino acid structure of, 833 classification of, 663 enzymes as, 1120, 1148 incomplete, 691 molecular weight of, 773, 1097 separation of, 1257 structure of, 1210, 1236, 1239, 1389, 1406, 1426 variety of, 900 Protons, 996, 1256, 1280 mass of, 996 shells of, 1307 Proton synchrotrons, 1244, 1329 Protoplanets, 1297 Protoplasm, 452, 542, 657 Protozoa, 491, 517, 537 discovery of, 221 disease and, 776, 948, 997 Proust’s law, 364 Prout’s hypothesis, 440, 579, 760, 1051 Proxima Centauri, 505, 915 Proximity fuze, 1392, 1395 Prussic acid, 420 Przhevalsky’s horse, 742 Pseudosphere, 484 Psi particles, 1493 Psychiatry, 865 Psychic research, 754, 760, 820 Psychoanalysis, 755, 865 Psychology, 754 child, 780 experimental, 697
Psychophysics, 520, 733 Psychosomatic disease, 272, 314 Psychosurgery, 1032 Pterodactyls, 396, 690 Ptolemy I (King, Egypt), 38, 40 Ptolemy III (King, Egypt), 44, 48 Puerperal fever, 205, 607 Pugwash movement, 1274 Pulleys, 47 Pulsars, 1428, 1437, 1463 Pulse rate, 165, 683 Purines, 833, 842 Purkinje effect, 452 Pyramids, 3 Pyridoxine, 1233 Pyrilamine, 1325 Pyrimidines, 842 9 3 0
INDEX Pyrometer, 470 optical, 812 Pyroxylin, 581, 728 Pyrrole rings, 1076 Pythagorean theorem, 7, 40 Quanta, 887 Quantum electrodynamics, 1300, 1421, 1424, 1459 Quantum mechanics, 877, 1024, 1084, 1117, 1226, 1236, 1273 Quantum numbers, 1228 Quantum theory, 648, 835, 887, 1081 nuclear atom and, 1101 photoelectric effect and, 1064 Quarks, 1487, 1493, 1507 Quartz, 618 Quasars, 1437, 1488 Quasistellar objects, 1488 Quaternions, 545 Quinine, 208, 454, 493, 604 structure of, 734 synthesis of, 1416 Rabies, 642, 817 Races, human, 357, 973 blood groups and, 1264 Racism, 357, 498, 636 Radar, 1155, 1207, 1351, 1386 Venus and, 1140 Radial velocity, 646 Radiation pressure, 894, 1085 Radiation sickness, 996 Radicals, 425 Radio, 820, 1017, 1143 crystal set, 808 invention of, 895, 1025 Radioactive series, 987, 1052 Radioactivity, 613, 652, 832, 858, 965, 979, 996 artificial, 1227 danger of, 897 discovery of, 834 energy of, 897, 1064 geochemical change and, 924 volcanoes and, 753 Radio astronomy, 1295, 1368 Radioimmunoassay, 1446 Radioisotopes, 1100, 1227 Radiometer, 695 Radio sources, 1179 Radio stars, 1368 Radio-telephony, 1295 Radio telescope, 1163, 1368, 1386, 1428 Radio tubes, 1017, 1072 Radio waves, 820, 839, 895 atmospheric reflection of, 1155, 1158 discovery of, 873 modulation of, 958 Radium, 987, 1063 alpha particles and, 996 breakdown of, 795 discovery of, 825, 965 metallic, 1026 Radium D, 1118 Radon, 795, 832 compounds of, 1499 Railways, 431 Rainbow, 5, 85 Rainfall, 297 Rainmaking, 1072, 1309, 1391 Raman spectra, 1130 Rameses II (Egypt), 838 Randall, Merle, 1037 Rankine scale, 625 Raoult’s law, 684 Rare earths, 335, 373, 501, 746, 890, 1002, 1372 separation of, 1259 Rational numbers, 772 Rayleigh’s equation, 887 Rayon, 743 viscose, 862 Reactions, chemical, 1206, 1443, 1477 Real numbers, 772 Reaumur porcelain, 252 Reaumur scale, 252 Recombinant-DNA, 1313, 1470, 1482, 1485, 1496 Record players, 897 Rectifiers, 803, 808, 1348 Red blood corpuscles, 224, 445, 578, 1103 Red giant, 1356 Red shift, 646, 1038 gravitational, 1045, 1064 Reflex action, 469, 881 Reflexes conditioned, 802, 1057, 1110 Refraction gratings, 450, 798 Refrigerants, 1132 Refrigerator, 758 Regenerative circuit, 1143 Regenerative furnace, 644 Relativity, theory of, 794, 821, 835, 839, 935, 976, 1045, 1064, 1125, 1187, 1400, 1405, 1483 Relay, electrical, 503 Replication, DNA, 1406 Reserpine, 1320 synthesis of, 1416 Resistance, electrical, 461 931
INDEX Resonance, theory of, 553, 950, 1141, 1236, 1435 Resonance particles, 1363 Respiration, 230, 1030 artificial, 807 tissue, 1089 Respiration rate, 770 Respiratory chain, 1048 Respiratiry enzyme, 1113 Respiratory quotient, 561 Rest-mass, 839 Restriction enzyme, 1485 Retina, 42, 1232, 1276 rods in, 1318 Retinene, 1318 Retrograde motion, 127 Reverberation, 972 Reverse transcriptase, 1505, 1508 Reversible reaction, 650, 674 Reversing layer, 712 Rh blood groups, 973, 1142, 1264 Rhea, 209 Rhenium, 1166, 1187 Rheumatoid arthritis, 1105, 1188 Rhodium, 812 discovery of, 388 Rhodopsin, 1318 Riboflavin, 1131, 1240, 1267 Ribonucléase, 1365 Ribonucleic acid (RNA), 980, 1337, 1380 Ribose, 980 Ribosomes, 1380, 1438, 1447, 1476 Richard I (King, England), 92, 93 Rickets, 912, 1036, 1093 Rickettsia, 992 Ringer’s solution, 717 Rings, Saturn’s, 209, 215, 464, 586, 692, 879 RNA (Ribonucleic acid), 980, 1337, 1380 genetic code and, 1448 protein formation and, 1447 Robespierre, Maximilien, 393
Robotics, 1349 Robots, 1349 Roche’s limit, 627 Rocket into Interplanetary Space, The, 1172 Rockets, 231, 880, 1083, 1172, 1315, 1370, 1392, 1407 Rocks, age of, 1138 volcanic, 287 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 992 Roentgen, 774 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 1050, 1064, 1139, 1208 Roosevelt, Franklin D., Jr., 1183 Rorschach test, 1099 Ross Ice Shelf, 512 Ross Sea, 512 Rous chicken sarcoma virus, 1067 Royal Society, 163, 197, 198, 212, 221, 223, 231
Rubber, 270, 312, 516 synthetic, 1058 Rubber gloves, 830 Rubidium, 565, 648 Rubies, synthetic, 582 Rudolf II (Holy Roman Emperor), 156, 169 Rudolphine Tables, 169, 200 Rusting, 241, 334 Ruthenium, 495 Rutherford, 996 Rutherfordium, 1372, 1381 Sabine’s law, 972 Sabin vaccine, 1311 Saccharin, 781 Sadism, 749 St. Martin, Alexis, 444 Saint Vitus’s dance, 208 Saladin, 92 Salicylic acid, 610 Salk vaccine, 1393 Saltpeter, 334, 414 Salvarsan, 845, 1077 Samarium, 736 Sandwich compound, 1445 San Francisco earthquake, 898 Sanger’s reagent, 1426 Satellites, 169 artificial, 1351, 1370, 1392 tracking of, 1317, 1386 Saturn, atmosphere of, 1038 mass of, 439 rings of, 209, 215, 464, 586, 692, 879 rotation of, 681 satellites of, 209, 215, 321, 509, 885, 1297
surface temperature of, 1147 Saturn 5 rocket, 1370 Scalar-tensor theory, 1405 Scaliger, Julius Caesar, 154 Scandium, 739 discovery of, 747 Scarlet fever, 208
Scheele’s green, 329 Scheelite, 329 Schiller, Friedrich von, 452 9 3 2
INDEX Schizophrenia, 1035 Schmidt camera, 1065 Schwann cells, 563 Schwarzschild radius, 1019
Science, art and, 117, 122, 126 Science fiction, 756, 880, 1050, 1051, 1083, 1315, 1317, 1351, 1398, 1502 Scientific American, 995 Scientific Revolution, 114, 121, 127, 166, 231 Scientist, 474, 487 Scintillation counter, 996 Scott, Walter, 351 Screw of Archimedes, 47 Screw propeller, 533 Scuba diving, 1353 Scurvy, 288, 912, 1093 Sea anemones, 345 Sea-floor spreading, 1303, 1304 Sea-mounts, 1304 Seashells, 6 Seaweed, 414 Second-generation stars, 1398 Second Industrial Revolution, 1139 Second law of thermodynamics, 497, 507, 633, 652, 692, 769, 1414 Second Scientific Revolution, 774, 835, 934 Secretin, 954 Seebeck effect, 398 Seismograph, 550, 814, 917 Seismology, 294, 814 Selenium, 194
Seleucus I (Seleucid Emperor), 43 Self-induction, 503 Self-pollination, 354 Self-starter, automobile, 1044 Semicircular canals, 755 Semiconductor diodes, 1464 Semiconductors, 1458 glassy, 1294 Semipermeable membranes, 773 Sensation, 492 Senses, untrustworthiness of, 13, 16 Sensory nerves, 522 Septimius Severus, 65 Serum sickness, 809 Sewing machine, 616 Sex, 865 Sex cells, 768 Sex hormones, 1119, 1169 female, 1242 isolation of, 1265 Sex impulse, 984 Sexual selection, 554 Sforza, Ludovico, 120, 122 Shadow zone, 1133 Shakespeare, William, 163 Sharks, 29 Sharpey, William, 807 Shelburne, Lord, 312 Shellac, 931 Shock, electric, 257 Shock treatment, 874 Siberia, 250, 280
Sieve of Eratosthenes, 48 Sight, sense of, 1276 Sigismund HI (King, Poland), 165 Silane, 515 Silicon, 515, 863 discovery of, 425 stereoisomerism and, 930 Silicon carbide, 863 Silicones, 930 Silicon hydrides, 1043 Silliman’s Journal, 424 Silurian era, 477 Silver, 968 Silver chloride, 413 Silver iodide, 1309, 1391 Sinanthropus pekinensis, 1096 Sines, 1118 table of, 83 Singularity, 1366 Sinkiang, 742 Sirius, 238 companion of, 439, 696, 1045, 1064 recession of, 646 Sixtus IV (Pope), 119 61 Cygni, 341 distance of, 439 planets of, 1247 Skeleton, vertebrate, 423 Skeleton keys, 481 Skull, 659 Sky, 626, 760 map of, 27 spherical, 4 Skyscrapers, 569 Sleeping pills, 718 Sleeping sickness, 767, 845 Slide rule, 172 Small intestine,'578 Smallpox, 348 Smith, J. E., 276 Smithsoniah Institution, 503 Smokeless powder, 510, 673, 759 933
INDEX Smyth, Henry, 1280 Soap, 328 Soda, 421 Soda water, 312 Sodium, 602, 603, 909 discovery of, 421 Sodium acetate, 1369 Sodium bicarbonate, 735 Sodium borohydride, 1373 Sodium carbonate, 328, 665 Sodium chloride, 735 Sodium hypochlorite, 1016 Sodium ions, 1359 nerve impulse and, 1387 Sodium pump, 1387, 1419 Sodium sulfate, 190 Sodium thiosulfate, 467, 479 Soft drinks, 312 Soil microorganisms, 1128 Solar energy, 631 Solar flare, 667 Solar prominences, 974 Solar system, age of, 1118, 1138, 1147 origin of, 766, 1003, 1053, 1147, 1335, 1376
stability of, 317, 347 Solar wind, 1186, 1289, 1478 Solenoid, 407, 436 Solids, regular, 24, 26, 169 Solid state devices, 808, 1328, 1348 Solid-state physics, 1464 Solomon Islands, 303 Solutions, 829 Solvay process, 735
Sonar, 1000 Sound, 7 absorptivity of, 972 mechanical reproduction of, 788, 789 pitch of, 25 radio and, 958 transmission of, 370 vacuum and, 187, 189, 212 velocity of, 182, 370, 744 wave motion of, 38, 972 Southey, Robert, 421 South Pole, 971, 1008, 1129 Space, 733, 1004 Space flight, 880 Space settlements, 1475 Space station, 880 Space suits, 880 Space-time, 935, 1064 Special theory of relativity, 835, 839, 935, 1064 Specific heat, 298 atomic weights and, 441 Spectacles, 99, 115 Spectral lines, 388, 450, 618, 619, 646, 695, 857, 941
coronal, 712, 1196 electric field and, 1024 elements and, 648 magnetism and, 945 regularity of, 658 Spectra, photography of, 646, 784 Spectra, stellar, 1045 classification of, 606, 932 photography of, 723 Spectroheliograph, 974 Spectrohelioscope, 667 Spectroscopic binaries, 757 Spectroscopy, 565, 606 elements and, 506 Spectrum, solar, 231, 585, 711 Speedometer, 481 Spermaceti, 448 Spermatozoa, 302, 704, 842 cellular nature of, 669 discovery of, 221 Sperm banks, 1145, 1348 Spherical trigonometry, 83 Sphygmograph, 683 Spinal cord, 36, 65, 134, 469, 478, 881 Spinoza, Benedict, 212, 215 Spinthariscope, 695 Spiral galaxies, 513, 879 Spiritualism, 428, 448, 540, 676, 695 Spirochetes, 845, 997 Spontaneous fission, 1381 Spontaneous generation, 175, 211, 285, 302, 626, 632, 642, 1490 Spores, bacterial, 675 killing of, 816 space and, 894 Sports, 792 Springs, 223 Sputnik I, 880, 1214, 1386, 1392, 1503 Sputnik II, 1392 Square-cube law, 166 Squaring the circle, 826 Squid, giant axon of, 1387 Stainless steel, 892 Stalin, Josef V., 1122, 1173, 1214, 1333 Standard measures, 486, 518, 835, 910 Staphylococcus, 1077 Star catalogues, 309, 439, 508, 546, 815 Starch, 430, 490, 1074 hydrolysis of, 380 Star clusters, 321 9 3 4
INDEX Stark effect, 1024 Star maps, 48, 50, 112, 234, 238, 284 photographic, 784 Star populations, 1163 Stars, binary, 294, 321 birth of, 1302 close encounters of, 1053 clusters of, 1102 collapse of, 1186 color of, 1056 composition of, 646 density of, 1085 diameter of, 835 distance of, 99, 127, 156, 169, 215, 258, 294, 439, 1045 evolution of, 606, 1056 interior of, 1085 magnitude of, 50, 679 motion of, 1229 names of, 170 nature of, 115 parallax of, 258, 321, 439 photographs of, 464, 596, 660, 763 planets of, 1247 populations of, 1163 proper motions of, 238 pulsating, 1085, 1463 radial motion of, 646 rotation of, 1203 second generation, 1398 spectra of, 606, 784 streams of, 815 variable, 381, 508, 975 Star-Spangled Banner, 957 Stassfurt deposits, 829 Static, radio, 1143, 1295 Statics, 47, 158 Statistics, 201, 496, 875 genetics and, 1142 Steady-state universe, 1149, 1174, 1398, 1433, 1437 Steam engine, 60, 235, 236, 243, 363, 497, 507, 644, 850 invention of, 316 Steam heat, 316 Steamship, 330, 385 Stearic acid, 448 Steel, 252 alloy, 892, 985 smelting of, 575, 644 Stefan-Boltzmann law, 715, 769 Stellarator, 1390 Step pyramid, 1 Steric hindrance, 796 Stereochemistry, 796, 833 Stereoisomerism, 930, 991 Stereoscope, 433 Steroids, 1046, 1048, 1107 Stethoscope, 429 Stickney, Angelina, 681 Stickney (crater), 681 Stigmata, 291 Stoichiometry, 378 Stokes’s law, 618 Stomach, 444 Stone Age, 53, 460 divisions of, 630 Stonehenge Decoded, 1481 Storage battery, 709 Storage rings, 1475, 1493 Storm winds, 462 Strangeness number, 1487 Strange particles, 1473, 1487 Strata, 395 Stratosphere, 861 humans in, 1092 Streptomycin, 841, 1128, 1312 Strong interaction, 1243 Strontium, 421 Strychnine, 438, 454, 493 structure of, 1107 synthesis of, 1416 Stuart, Charles, 263 Subatomic particles, 521, 869, 1082 families of, 1465, 1487 Submarine detection, 1020 Submarines, 385, 1250 nuclear, 1225 Succinic acid, 1167 Sucrose, 663, 691 Sugar, 490 composition of, 420 Sugar beets, 490 Sugar phosphates, 947 Sugars, 364 optical activity of, 833 separation of, 833 structure of, 833, 1087 Sulfa drugs, 1077 Sulfanilamide, 1183, 1325 Sulfur, 1046 petroleum and, 824 rubber and, 516 Sulfur dioxide, 312, 1132 liquefaction of, 340 Sulfuric acid, 107, 162, 709 catalytic effect of, 650 Sulla, 29 Sumeria, 1069 Sun, 1102
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