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935 INDEX calcium and, 974 composition of, 648, 1056 distance of, 41, 176, 209, 475, 763, 1140 energy source of, 631, 1022, 1308 galactic revolution of, 1229 hydrogen in, 1308 mass-loss of, 1308 nature of, 14 neutrinos from, 1423 photographs of, 589, 606 planetary center, 41, 51 radio waves from, 820 real motion of, 321, 508 rotation of, 166, 667 size of, 41, 52 surface appearance of, 647 temperature of, 1186 Sundial, 4
Sunspot cycle, 466, 564, 589 Earth’s magnetic field and, 546 Sunspots, 166, 173, 321, 459, 818 magnetic fields and, 974 position of, 667 spectra of, 719 temperature of, 503 Superconductivity, 843, 1334, 1425, 1458, 1489, 1495, 1509 Superfluidity, 1042 Superheterodyne receiver, 1143 Supernovas, 1209, 1356, 1398 Superphosphate, 855 Supersonic flight, 1075, 1503 Surgery, 139 Survival of the fittest, 624 Sweat glands, 248 Sweet potatoes, 937 Swift, Jonathan, 221 Sydenham’s chorea, 208 Symbolic logic (see Logic) Symbols, chemical, 425 Sympathetic nervous system, 1288 Sympathin, 998 Synapses, nerve, 764, 1262 Synchrocyclotrons, 1324, 1329 Synthesis, 610 Synthetic DNA, 1293 Synthetic dyes, 604, 706, 734 Synthetic perfumes, 734 Synthetic RNA, 1293 Syphilis, 131, 859, 874 cause of, 997 chemotherapy of, 845 test for, 951, 986 Systema Naturae, 276 Tabulae Prutenicae, 143 Takadiastase, 855 Talbotype, 511 Talking pictures, 1017 Tamerlane, 112 Tantalum, 383 discovery of, 391 Tape recording, 983 Tautomerism, 676 Taxonomy, 418 Taylor, Norman B., 1218 Technetium, 1287 Technocracy, 735, 1052 Teeth, 539 Telegraph, 540, 788 invention of, 473, 503 Telegraph Plateau, 548 Telekinesis, 1182 Telepathy, 1182 Telephone, 652, 789 long-distance, 891 Telescopes, 166, 169, 321. glass mirrors of, 723 invention of, 168 large, 513, 696, 974, 1065 reflecting, 226, 231, 619 Television, 818, 1134 color, 1319 Television camera, 1134 Telluric helix, 622 Tellurium, 335 discovery of, 323 Temperature, 934 absolute, 497 measurement of, 812 Temperature scales, 625, 652 Terbium, 501 Terpenes, 790 Tesla, 867 Testicles, 228 Tetanus, 846, 870 Tetany, 1062 Tethys, 209 Tetracycline antibiotics, 1010, 1416 Tetraethyl lead, 966, 1044, 1132 Tetrahedron, 829 Tetraphenylmethane, 950 Texas cattle fever, 899 Textile machinery, 311 Thallium, 695 Thénard’s blue, 416 Theodoric the Ostrogoth, 71 Theon, 69
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INDEX Theory of numbers, 188 Theory of the Earth, 297 Theory of the Gene, 957 Thermal neutrons, 1243 Thermite, 909 Thermochemistry, 347, 528, 665 Thermodynamics, 497, 740, 812, 840, 1037 chemical, 721, 740, 829, 1061 electric cell and, 936 living tissue and, 848 second law of, 497, 507, 633, 652, 692, 769, 1414 third law of, 936, 1165
Thermoelectric couple, 812 Thermoelectricity, 398 Thermometer, 244 clinical, 165, 720 gas, 166 maximum-minimum, 351 mercury, 254 Reaumur, 252 sealed, 193 Thermopile, 504 Thiamin, 1046 isolation of, 1104 Thioglycolic acid, 1033 Thiophene, 796
Third Law of Thermodynamics, 936, 1165 34 Tauri, 321 Thorium, 1372 breakdown of, 1063 discovery of, 425 isotopes of, 987 radioactivity of, 965 Thorium nitrate, 890 Threonine, 1114 Threshold wavelength, 1064
Thule, 39 Thulium, 746 Thymine, 842, 1291, 1406 Thymus gland, 1167, 1223, 1494 Thyroglobulin, 1105 Thyroid gland, 786, 1105 Thyroxine, 1105 Tibet, 742 Ticks, disease and, 899, 992 Tidal forces, 627 lunar, 777, 835 Tides, 39, 51, 52, 75 Time, 935 velocity and, 1064
Time-study methods, 812 Time zones, 738 Tin tetrachloride, 162 Tire, rubber, 637 Tissue transplantation, 1275 Tissues, 400 Titan, 215 atmosphere of, 1297 Titania, 321 Titanium, 335, 1215 discovery of, 377 Titian, 146 Titration, 420 Titus, 61 Tobacco mosaic disease, 817, 939 Tobacco mosaic virus, 1282, 1337 structure of, 1440 Tocopherol, 1131 Tokamak, 1343 Tonsillectomy, 57 Tools, prehistoric, 324, 458 Topology, 471 Torpedo fish, 29 Torsion balance, 294, 318, 794 Trace minerals, 947, 1062 enzymes and, 1240 Tracers, isotopic, 1100, 1211, 1358 Tracheotomy, 419 Tranquilizers, 1032, 1320 Transcendental numbers, 358, 555, 641, 826 Transduction, 1466 Transfer-RNA, 1447, 1476 Transfinite numbers, 772 Transformers, electric, 474, 867 Transfusion, blood, 219, 227, 973, 1016, 1411 Transistors, 1348 invention of, 1334 Transmutation, 67, 103, 212, 231, 260, 334 Transplants, tissue, 1016, 1396, 1411, 1452, 1494
Transport numbers, 649 Transuranium elements, 1329, 1372, 1381, 1383 Transverse waves, 402 Treatise on Crystallography, A, 518 Tree rings, 963 Trichinosis, 539
Trigonometric functions, 172 Trigonometric tables, 145 Trigonometry, 3, 50 Triodes, 808, 1017 937
INDEX Triphenylmethyl, 950 Triple bonds, 661 Tritium, 1244, 1342 Triton, 564, 1297 discovery of, 509 Trojan asteroids, 927 Trojan system, 317 Tropical medicine, 771, 776 Tropisms, 699, 896 Tropopause, 861 Troposphere, 861 Troy, 634 Truman, Harry S, 1208, 1280 Trypanosomes, 845 Trypan red, 845 Trypsin, 725 crystallization of, 1148 Tryptophan, 900, 912 Tsetse fly, 767 Tube, radio, 1017 Tuberculosis, 767, 809, 845 Tungsten, 367, 890 Tungsten wires, 1020, 1072 Tunicates, 750 Tunnel effect, 1278, 1464, 1484 Tunnels, 8 Turbine, steam, 850 Turbinia, 850 Turing machine, 1375 Twain, Mark, 1309 Two-carbon fragment, 1221, 1231, 1293, 1369 Tyler, John, 533 Tyndale, William, 626 Tyndall effect, 626, 943 Typhoid fever, 205, 805 vaccine against, 948 Typhus fever, 137, 956, 992, 1216 Tyrosine, 661,1105 Tyrothricin, 1235 UFO (unidentified flying objects), 1237 Ultracentrifuge, 1097 Ultramicroscope, 626, 943 Ultrasonic sound, 302, 897, 1000 Ultraviolet radiation, 388, 413, 618, 894 ozone and, 962 vitamin D and, 1046 Umbriel, 509 Uncertainty principle, 1064, 1245 Undefined concepts, 918 Unidentified flying objects (UFO), 1237 Unified field theory, 1064, 1468, 1500, 1502 Uniformitarianism, 297, 502 United States Weather Bureau, 503, 738 Units of measurement, 415, 540 Univac, 1328, 1431 Universal gravitation, law of, 231 Universe, 20 age of, 1136, 1163 closed, 1423 composition of, 646, 1056 expanding, 1004, 1038 size of, 1004, 1163 steady state, 1149, 1174, 1398, 1433, 1437
Universe Around Us, The, 1053 Ur, 1069 Uracil, 842 Uranium, 987 fission of, 1060, 1063, 1064,1101, 1187, 1208, 1227, 1238, 1243, 1251, 1284, 1321 helium and, 832 isotope-separation of, 1330, 1383 isotopes of, 1106, 1164, 1241, 1272, 1321, 1330, 1372 neutron bombardment of, 1063, 1243, 1329 purification of, 1259 radioactivity and, 695, 834, 965 spontaneous fission of, 1381 Uranium-233, 1372 Uranium-235, 1101, 1106, 1164, 1241, 1321, 1330, 1372 separation of, 1272 Uranium-238, 1164, 1272, 1321, 1330 Uranium breakdown, 1052, 1118 Uranium fission, 1060, 1063, 1064, 1101, 1187, 1208, 1227, 1238, 1243, 1251, 1284, 1321 Uranium hexafluoride, 1383 Uranium oxide, 1243 Uranium pile, 1243 Uranium X, 1243
Uranus, 326, 335, 341, 344 discovery of, 321 mass of, 546 motion of, 564, 615 orbit of, 392, 439 satellites of, 321, 509, 1297 surface temperature of, 1147 Urban VIII (Pope), 166 Urea, 515, 691, 1120 Urea cycle, 1231 Urease, 1120 Urine, 515, 691 V-2 rockets, 1370, 1392, 1407 9 3 8
INDEX Vaccination, 348, 435, 642, 771 Vacuum, 38, 192, 212 electric lights and, 577 outer space and, 192 production of, 189, 583 sound and, 187, 189 Vagina, 149 Valence, theory of, 474, 655, 680, 705, 832 electrons and, 1013, 1037 Vanadium, 382, 515 discovery of, 451 Van Allen radiation belts, 1392 Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 785 Vanguard I, 1392, 1412 Variable star, 381, 508, 975 Variation, natural, 554, 799
Vasopressin, 1426 Vector analysis, 556 Vega, 464 parallax of, 483 Veins, 151 Venn circles, 710 Venus, 7
atmosphere of, 282, 1045, 1504 clouds of, 1196, 1290 magnetic field of, 1279 mass of, 283 motion of, 28 phases of, 166 radar and, 1140 surface of, 1155 surface temperature of, 894 transit of, 169, 200, 238, 255, 295, 310, 475, 523, 763, 765 Venus probes, 1279, 1392, 1478 Verne, Jules, 1050 Vernier, 179 Vertebrata, 823 Vertebrate paleontology, 690 Vertebrates, 336 Vespasian, 61 Vesta, 372 Vestiges, 554 Vesuvius, Mount, 56, 302 eruption of, 61 Victoria (Queen, Great Britain), 474, 479, 567, 581, 604, 613, 734, 789, 850, 901 Violet catastrophe, 887 Virus diseases, 817 Viruses, 642, 816, 817, 822, 986 cancer and, 1277 crystallization of, 1282 culture of, 1195 discovery of, 939 genes and, 1282 mutation and, 1253 nucleic acid and, 1337, 1355 tumor, 1067 vaccines against, 1202 Viscose, 862 Viscosity, 618 Vision, chemistry of, 1318 Visual purple, 1318 Vitalism, 515, 597, 611, 631, 642, 674, 680, 848, 903, 1101 Vitamin A, 790, 900, 1062 structure of, 1131 synthesis of, 1233 vision and, 1318 Vitamin B, 1062 Vitamin B1( 1046 Vitamin B2, 1240, 1267 synthesis of, 1131, 1233 Vitamin B6, 1233 Vitamin B12, 1031, 1213 structure of, 1312, 1352 Vitamin C, 1062, 1087 isolation of, 1167, 1193 synthesis of, 1201 Vitamin D, 790, 1046, 1048, 1062 Vitamin-deficiency diseases, 912 Vitamin E, 1062 synthesis of, 1131 Vitamin H, 1239 Vitamin K, 1169 discovery of, 1177 Vitamin P, 1167 Vitamins, 288, 1027, 1093 assay of, 1036 coenzymes and, 947, 1240, 1267 discovery of, 888 synthetic, 1312 Vivisection, 42, 761, 902 Volcanoes, 353, 355, 405 radioactivity and, 753 Volt, 337, 407 Voltage multiplier, 1198 Voltaic pile, 337, 361 Vonnegut, Kurt, 1391 Voyager I, 586 Vulcan, 564 Vulcanism, 355 Vulcanized rubber, 516 Walden inversion, 928 Wallace’s line, 643 Wallenstein, Albrecht von, 169 Warburg manometers, 1089 Warburg’s yellow enzyme, 1267 939
INDEX Washington, Booker T., 937 Washington, George, 333, 362, 429, 443, 784, 898 Wasserman test, 951, 986 Water, 412 density of, 332 electrolysis of, 361, 413 freezing of, 212, 894 hydrogen and, 307 Water clock, 46 Water cycle, 137 Water of crystallization, 547 Watt, 316 Wavelength, light, 402 Wave mechanics, 1117, 1245, 1256, 1273 Wave-particle dualism, 1157, 1159 Waves, electron, 1078, 1084 Wax, 448 Waxpaper, 788 Weak interaction, 1243, 1468, 1473 Weather forecasting, 189, 544, 738, 1205 Weather-mapping, 636 Weber, 540 Weber-Fechner law, 492 Webster, Daniel, 576 Wedgwood, Emma, 554 Wedgwood, Josiah, 554 Welding, 909 Wellington, Duke of, 474 Wells, H. G„ 1152 Welsbach mantle, 890 Wheatstone bridge, 526 White blood corpuscles, 775, 845, 1077 White dwarf, 836, 1045, 1064, 1356 White lead, 76 White matter, 371 Wien’s displacement law, 887, 934 Wilberforce, Samuel, 659 William II (Emperor, Germany), 680 William IV (King, Great Britain), 389 Williamson synthesis, 650 Wind, plant fertilization and, 354 Wind tunnel, 995 Wine, 903 Wire recording, 983 Wool, 1210
Wolffian body, 313 Wolfram, 367 Wolframite, 367 Wollastonite, 388
Word-association tests, 1035 Wordsworth, William, 231, 421 Work, 497 Wrought iron, 575 Wurtz reaction, 602 Xanthippe, 21 X chromosome, 868 Xenon, 832 compounds of, 1499 Xenon platinofluoride, 1499 Xenophon, 21 X-ray diffraction, 1068, 1141 borane structure and, 1435 cyanocobalamin and, 1352 nucleic acid structure and, 1406, 1413, 1440 penicillin and, 1213 protein structure and, 1210, 1389, 1415 X rays, 332, 618, 695, 703, 774, 834, 891, 906, 908, 934, 957, 979, 1032, 1094, 1156
characteristic, 1002, 1049, 1121 diagnosis with, 998 groups of, 1111 mutations and, 1145, 1270 scattering of, 1049, 1159 solar, 1289, 1407 wavelength of, 922, 1068, 1111 X-ray stars, 1289, 1407 X-ray tube, 1020 Y chromosome, 868 Year, length of, 18, 32, 83 Yeast, 563, 903 dialysis of, 947 Yellow fever, 822, 849, 853, 955 vaccine against, 1217 Yellow fever virus, 1217 Yerkes, Charles Tyson, 974 Young-Helmholtz theory, 402, 631 Young’s modulus, 402 Ytterbium, 599 Yttrium, 501 Zein, 1114 Zeppelin, 737 Zero, 73, 79, 95 Zinc, 470, 993 discovery of, 131 organic compounds of, 655 Zinc carbonate, 411 Zinc sulfide, 695, 996, 1068
Zircon, 335 Zirconium, 335, 1100 9 4 0
INDEX Zodiacal light, 209 Zoo, 97
Zoser, 1 Zuider Zee, 839 Zwingli, Ulrich, 147 941 Download 17.33 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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