British Society Британское общество ж national Entity and Differences
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British Society Британское общество by Болдак И А , Валько О В z
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- § 3. Specific National Institutions. The Spheres of Local Authorities Control
Questions:
1. What is the Highland Line? 2. Why are the Lowlands considered the cradle of the Scottish nation? 3. In what way does the geographical position of the Highlands influ- ence the life of people? 4. How does the division between the Highlands and the Lowlands express itself in culture? 29 Edinburgh Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, is one of the most beautiful cities in Europe, full of historical monu ments of great interest. The dominating feature of the city is the Castle, standing high on a steep rock. It is the royal apartments of the Castle that the son of Mary Queen of Scots, the future King James I, was born. The Royal Palace of Hollyrood House, which is the official residence of the present queen of England, Elizabeth II, when she comes on a visit to Scotland, is also associated with the memory of Mary Stuart. The murder of David Rizzio, Mary's Italian musician and secretary, took place within its walls. The finest street in Edinburgh and the main shopping area is Prince's Street. In the gardens on its south side stands the monument of Walter Scott, the famous yvriter of historical novels. Beyond the Scott monument, at the foot of the Castle, is the National Gallery of Scotland. To the north of Edinburgh is the Firth of Forth. The Forth Bridge, yvhich goes across it, is one of the great engineering achievements of the world. Edinburgh University, which was founded in 1582, is famous for its medical faculty. Edinburgh is also an important centre of cultural life, and each year, in late August and early September, it produces a festival of music and drama which is famous all over the world. § 3. Specific National Institutions. The Spheres of Local Authorities Control : 1. What are the distinc- ; After 1707 Scotland kept three distinc- : five institutions that Scot- : tive institutions: its own legal system, its own ; land kept after 1707 17 church, or 'Kirk", the Presbyterian Church of ; : Scotland, and its oyvn education system. All three are important symbols of Scottish identity and difference from England. In part they reflect Scotland's closer relationship to continental Europe. ; 2. Why is the Kirk close- ] The most important of Scotland's distinc- : ly identified yvith Scottish : tive institutions is the Church of Scotland, the ; C l o n a l feeling? : Kirk. This is because of its role in national ' / V ; "'.'" 1 ' The Kirk i n the sixteenth century insisted that all adults in Scotland should be literate, so as to read the Bible Additional Reading 30 themselves.In practice this laid the foundations for a strong education sys tem and also, mevitably, a strongly democratic tradition. When the king un successfully tried to enforce English church practices on Scotland in the mid seventeenth century, the Kirk became a symbol of Scottish nationalism. Unlike the Church of England, it never allowed the Crown a position in the Kirk. Even in a secular age, the Kirk remains an important focus for national feeling. Tyventy-five per cent of Scots are 'communicating', or practising members of the Church of Scotland. The Church of Scotland performs the function of a national Church. Its services are relatively well attended, and the annual meetings of its General Assembly are attended by the Queen or the Lord High Commissioner as her representative. Its Moderator (председатель церковного суда пресвитерианской церкви), elected annually by the Assembly, has precedence in Scotland over the Prime Minister. He is not a bishop; there are no bishops, no hierarchy. The Queen attends Church of Scotland services yvhen in Scodand, but has no formal position in relation to it. Its sole head is Jesus Christ. Scottish Presbyterianism has a puritan tradition, expressed in the past by doctrinal rigidity and by condemnation of Sabbath - breaking, the theatre, dancing and pleasure-seekmg, but these severities have largely disappeared. Sundays in Scotland, once notorious for their austerity, are noyv about the same as in England. There is a large proportion of Roman Catholics, Download 446.71 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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