British Society Британское общество ж national Entity and Differences
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British Society Британское общество by Болдак И А , Валько О В z
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- III THE W E L S H
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3 What are the latest trends in the development of political situation in Scotland? Additional P r i n c e Charles Edward S t e w a r t : Reading '. '• • : In 1707 a special treaty united the governments of Scotland and England. The Protestant Church replaced the Catholic Church as the ruling church in Scotland. However, many people who lived in the Highlands and Western Isles did not welcome this change. They still supported the grandson of the Cath- olic James II, yvho had been exiled in 1688. His name was Prince Charles Edward Stewart and he was known as Bonnie Prince Charlie because he was young and handsome ('bonnie' means 'good-looking'). Charlie spent twenty years in Rome preparing to win back the Crown of Great Britain for his father and himself, and then returned to Scotland. The Highlanders were very proud that he still spoke Gaelic, and wore the traditional tartan kilt. In 1745, he landed in the Western Isles, then with 2,500 men, he marched south to Perth, Stirling and Edinburgh. There, on 17* Sep- tember, his father was proclaimed King of Scotland and England. Four days later the Jacobites defeated the English army at Prestonpans. On 1 s t November Charlie led his men as far south as Derby in Eng- land. However not as many Jacobite supporters joined them in England as they had hoped, and Charlie decided to retreat. The Jacobites returned to Scotland and defeated yet another English army at Falkirk on 17 t h January, 1746. By April of that year, however, the Duke of Cumberland had built up a huge army of 9,000 Protestant soldiers from England and Europe. On 16 , h April they met Charlie's army of 5,000 tired and hungry men in the wind and the rain at Culloden. There yvas a terrible and bloody battle and Jacobites were defeated. Charlie wandered in exile in the Scottish Highlands and in Europe. There was a reward of £30,000 for his capture but the Highlanders, though poor, never betrayed the man they loved so much. After the rebellion of 1745, the Highlanders were forbidden to carry weapons, to speak their own language, Gaelic, or wear their own dress. Much of their land was sold by the British government. 39 |
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