British Society Британское общество ж national Entity and Differences
§ 4. T h e P r o b l e m of P o l i t i c a l A u t o n o m y
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British Society Британское общество by Болдак И А , Валько О В z
§ 4. T h e P r o b l e m of P o l i t i c a l A u t o n o m y
1. In what way is Wales represented in the admini- strative system of the United Kingdom? Wales has its own internal administra- tion with a Secretary of State who is a mem- ber of the UK cabinet - though some servic- es which are separate for Scotland are not separate for Wales. Wales elects its MPs to the UK House of Commons with each seat won by the candidate who receives more votes than any other. And Wales like Scotland has more seats per million people than England has. Welsh politicians like Scottish ones have been important in the UK's national affairs. Neil Kinnock, who was leader of the Labour Party from 1983 till 1992, is a Welshman. He represented a Welsh seat in the House of Commons; so too did his two predecessors as leaders of the party. The UK's last Liberal prime minister, Lloyd George (1916-22) was Welsh. ; 2. What political parties ; I n W a l e s the Labour Party- is very strong . g a m m a m s u p p o r t in . m t h e o l d industrial areas where most of the ; Wales? • p e 0 p i e hve. At every general election since 46 1959 in Wales Labour has had more votes and w ; on more seats than the Conservatives. But for most of this time the Conservatives have been in power in the UK, and therefore m charge of the internal administrations, with the Conservative minister. On the other hand, at three of the four gen- eral elections won by Labour in this period the Conservatives w ; on more seats than Labour in England, so that it was the Welsh as well as the Scot- tish votes that put Labour into office. In 1987 in Wales Labour won twenty- four of the thirty-eight seats - eight more than in 1983. Wales like Scotland has for a long tune had its nationalist party-, with aims ranging up to the extreme of complete independence. This party gained enough support in the earby 1970s to cause alarm in the major parties, partic- ularly Labour. : 3. What are the roots of : Wales was conquered and incorporated : the political autonomy of : into a single political and administrative sys- : Wales? : tem with England seven hundred years ago, • but the Welsh sense of difference survived and has become niore persistent during the present century. Welsh cultural self-consciousness was awakened in the mid nineteenth century, through the flourishing of literature in the Welsh language and the literary and music festivals. But it was also awakened through the establishment of higher education colleges which emphasised Welsh identity and culture. Welsh society in the 19 t h century was divided between the dominant Anglo-Welsh culture of the rich land-owning class, and the real Welsh culture of the ordinary, mainly Welsh-speaking people. Dissent from the Anglo-Welsh landowners, and from mainstream English life, has remained a vital aspect of Welsh identity. Until the Second World War its religious expression was through 'non-conformism', attendance at methodist and Baptist chapels rather than at Anglican churches. Political dissent was expressed in the 19 t h century through support for the Liberal Download 446.71 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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